Studies Of The Relationships Of The Germplasms And Physiological Basis In Artificial Cultivation Of Allium Victorialis L.from The Changbai Mountains

Allium victoralis L.is a valueable plant species from the Changbai Mountains,with a long history of edible and medical usages.This species has an extremely important value of conservation,development and utilization.But A.victorialis germplasms from the Changbai mountains are still not clear,and the cultivation systems are imperfect.This study were aimed to clarify the germplasms and the genetic relationships between different A.victorialis populations from the Changbai Mountains,as well as to understand the physiological mechanisms and establish the technical systems of artificial cultivation,which can provide technical support for effectively protecting and sustainably utilizing A.victorialis germplasms from the Changbai mountains.The main results are as follows:1.In this study,the geographic distributions,as well as characteristics of habitats and germplasms of A.victorialis populations from this region had been clarified.The wild populations of this species from this region were mainly distributed in the mixed broadleaf-conifer forests or broadleaf miscellaneous forests at an altitude of 500m to 700m above the sea level,with canopy density of 30%to 70%.There were some diiferences in morphologies and leaf anatomical structures in various degrees of these populations.Allium victorialis populations from the Changbai Mountains can be divided into three groups,which was based on the phylogenetic tree by transcriptome analysis of A.victorialis,as well as a cluster analysis by botanical traits and biomass allocation.These three groups were plantain lily leaf group（represented by Dongfeng wild population）,broadleaf group（represented by Dunhua broadleaf population）and narrow-leaf group（represented by Wangqing and Antu wild populations）.The plantain lily leaf group was different from the other two groups and.was a separate group in the Changbai Mountains.There were also some differences in the other two groups.2.The nutritional quality of A.victorialis populations from the Changbai Mountains had been analyzed.The nutrient contents,especially the contents of active components（i.e.,total flavonoids andβ-carotene）,were relatively higher in Dunhua and Dongfeng wild populations.Dunhua wild populations were more suitable for further development and utilization in the Changbai Mountains,while the crude fiber content of Dongfeng wild population was too high to be edible.The relationship between habitat factors and nutritional quality formation was clarified.The results suggested that altitude was significantly positively correlated with total flavonoid content.Canopy density was strongly negatively correlated with the contents ofβ-carotene,soluble sugar,soluble protein and cellulose.But there were no significant correlations between air temperature,air humidity,soil temperature and soil water content with nutrient contents of A.victorialis from the Changbai mountains.3.The physiological mechanisms for natural dormancy and breaking dormancy had been systematically interpreted,which showed that the bulbs of A.victoralis from this region were in the dormancy induction stage from July to September under natural condition.The contents of starch and ABA were increased significantly but soluble sugar content was decreased.The dormancy stage was from October to January of the next year,the physiological and biochemical indicators were relatively stable.The breaking dormancy stage was from February to March.In this stage,the starch and ABA contents were decreased,but the soluble sugar content,the amylase enzyme activities,as well as the IAA and GA₃ contents were increased.The dormancy breaking effect of A.victoralis could be significantly improved by low-temperature induction.Soluble sugar content,GA₃ content,ZT content and amylase activities were increased in some degree,but starch and ABA contents were decreased by low temperature induction.The germination rate of plant individuals at 4℃for 60 days was100%,which showed that 4℃was the most effective temperature for breaking bulb dormancy.4.The effects of artificial cultivation on growth and quality formation of A.victorialis from this region had been illustrated.The results showed that A.victorialis plants were grown better in 50%full light,70%water saturation,medium fertilization and p H 5.5～5.9 treatments,with the highest plant height,pseudostem diameter and biomass accumulation,as well as higher yields and nutrient contents in these conditions.5.A plant regeneration system of A.victorialis by using bulb discs as plantlets had been established.The most suitable medium for callus induction was MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L,with an induction rate of 86.67%;The most favorable medium for bud induction was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L.The differentiation rate of adventitious buds was 81.67%and the proliferation coefficient was 16.03.The best medium for rooting was MS+0.2 mg/L NAA,with an rooting rate of 86.67%.In conclusion,the genetic relationship and classification of the extant A.victorialis populations from the Changbai Mountains have been clarified,as well as the physiological basis in artificial cultivation of A.victorialis populations from this region has been systematically explored.This study provides a useful reference for the conservation and artificial cultivation of A.victorialis from the Changbai Mountains.