Resource Evaluation And Mechanism Research Of Amomum Tsaoko Crevost Et Lemaire Based On Laxative Effect

Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire is one of the major spice crops with the homology of medicine and food,which can be used as spices,and the fruit can be used as medicine.In recent years,the increase of Amomum tsaoko planting area has led to the decline of output value,and the development of products is helpful to extend the industrial chain and improve the value of agricultural products.The research and evaluation of functional resources is the core of breeding utilization and industrial development,so the research of germplasm resources is extremely important.Previous studies mainly focused on the molecular,phenotypic and volatile components to evaluate the resource of Amomum tsaoko,but there is no report on the resource evaluation based on water-soluble components and their efficacy.In this study,the main chemical components of the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko were detected and analyzed by using plant-wide targeted metabolomics technology,and the main active components of the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko extract for relaxing the bowels and the mechanism of relieving constipation were systematically explored by using a loperamide-induced slow-transit constipation mouse model;On this basis,the differences and correlations of the main functional components of 57 Amomum tsaoko germplasm resources from different producing areas were systematically studied and evaluated,and three types of excellent germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated,in order to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and application of Amomum tsaoko functional resources.The main results are as follows:1.The main chemical components of ethanol-soluble part of ATAE were determined.The main chemical components of the ethanol-soluble part of ATAE were identified by plant-targeted metabonomics.The phytochemical composition of the ethanol-soluble part of ATAE was rich,in which the relative abundance of flavonoids was the highest,reaching 46.63%,followed by polyphenols and alkaloids,accounting for 14.75% and11.64%,respectively;The macroporous resin purification technology and method of flavone from Amomum tsaoko and related technical parameters were optimized and established.After purification,the flavonoid content of Amomum tsaoko flavonoids(ATTF)reached 72.22%.2.Guided by laxative active components,57 germplasm resources of Amomum tsaoko from different producing areas were evaluated.Firstly,the contents of flavonoids,polyphenols and alkaloids in different Amomum tsaoko resources were significantly different;Secondly,57 Amomum tsaoko germplasm resources were divided into three categories by using these three indexes as the comprehensive evaluation indexes of fine germplasm resources of Amomum tsaoko.Among them,there were 8 first-class Amomum tsaoko resources(Nujiang GS-10 and foreign MDL-1,two resources were obviously superior to other Aomomum tsaoko resources),17 second-class and 32 third-class;The differences and correlations of polyphenols and flavonoids in different geographical environments and different fruit types of Amomum tsaoko were preliminarily revealed.Therefore,this study not only provides a scientific basis for the accurate identification,evaluation and breeding utilization of Amomum tsaoko resources,but also lays a foundation for the investigation,collection and origin and evolution of Amomum tsaoko.3.The key active ingredients and chemical components of the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko were identified.In this study,a mouse model of loperamide-induced slow transit constipation was used to further explore the laxative active components of the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko.The 70% ethanol extract of Amomum tsaoko(ATES)was used.The results of animal experiments showed that ATES was the key active ingredient of the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko.Amomum tsaoko flavonoid(ATTF)with 72.22% flavonoid content was obtained after purification of the main flavonoids in ATES.The laxative effect of ATTF was verified by constipation animal model.4.The laxative mechanism of Amomum tsaoko flavone(ATTF)was revealed.The laxative mechanism of ATTF was systematically explored from the perspective of intestinal flora and intestinal metabolites.The findings suggest that ATTF may relieve constipation by regulating the expression of key factors(5-HT)and differential metabolites(prostaglandin J2 and serotonin B2)in the gut microbiota(e.g.,Lactobacillus and Bacillus)and serotonergic synaptic metabolic pathways to restore gut homeostasis and promote gastrointestinal peristalsis.Intestinal flora,intestinal metabolites and defecation phenotypic indicators have an interaction,which is helpful to further analyze and support the mechanism of ATTF alleviating constipation by regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites.The results of this study not only lay the foundation for the application of Amomum tsaoko and its active ingredients in laxative efficacy,but also provide a reference for exploring the laxative mechanism of plant-derived natural products.5.Amomum tsaoko products are developed based on the laxative efficacy of Amomum tsaoko.A new type of buccal tablet of Amomum tsaoko was developed from the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko.The optimal formula of buccal tablet of Amomum tsaoko was 4.5% the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko,18% honey powder,27% passion fruit powder,2.7% β-cyclodextrin,9% maltodextrin,1.8% magnesium stearate and 36%white granulated sugar.The Amomum tsaoko buccal tablet prepared under these conditions not only retains the unique flavor of Amomum tsaoko,but also has a delicate and slightly sweet taste,is convenient to eat,and has a certain health care effect,which is a new product with great research value for the development and utilization of Amomum tsaoko.In summary,this study is based on the study of the main components and efficacy of Amomum tsaoko.On the basis of the phytochemical components of the aqueous extract of Amomum tsaoko,57 Amomum tsaoko resources from different producing areas were comprehensively evaluated by using flavonoids,polyphenols and alkaloids,and three types of functional resources of Aomomum tsaoko were preliminarily screened out,including 6 types of excellent germplasm;The laxative effect and action mechanism of Amomum tsaoko flavonoids were clarified,and the research and development of functional Amomum tsaoko buccal tablets were carried out.This study organically combined the resource evaluation,composition and efficacy and product development of Amomum tsaoko,which laid a solid foundation for the excavation,breeding utilization and industrial application of functional resources of Amomum tsaoko,and had an important role and broad application prospects for the sustainable development of the industry.