Study On Economic And Technical Effects Of Veterinary Drug Input And Optimization Of Drug Reduction Path In Broiler Industry In China

Veterinary drug has positive effects on animal husbandry such as preventing and treating diseases as well as promoting the growth of livestock.However,with negative externalities issues such as drugresistant bacteria and environment pollution problems emergencing,the public is clamoring for a reduction in veterinary drug input.Broiler industry,as one of the important parts of animal husbandry has been developing rapidly wordwide.For example,chicken production ranks first in the world at present in2016.As the growing status and role of the chicken industry in animal husbandry,broiler industry plays an important role in meat supply and pricre stability,especially during the African swine fever,but the demand has been hampered by the problem of veterinary drug residues.It is significant to research on the veterinary drug reduction for promoting high-quality development of chickens and animal husbandry in china.To optimize the measures of veterinary drug reduction and promote the broiler industry,high-quality developing,based on a comprehensive review of domestic and foreign relevant literature and survey data of 334 broiler farms in 9 provinces,according to producer behavior theory,poultry science,animal health management theory and optimization principle,damage control model,seemingly uncorrelated regression model and Bayesian reliability network model were used to analyze economic and technical effects of veterinary drugs(influence of veterinary drugs on broiler breeding technical performance index),factors influencing the use of veterinary drugs in livestock farms(households),reduction routes of veterinary drugs and optimal measures combination deeply and systematically,and then policy recommendations are put forward to promote the reduction of veterinary drugs in the broiler industry in this paper.The main contribution of this paper is that by using first-hand farm(household)survey data,veterinary drugs are divided into prophylactic drugs and therapeutic drugs to measure the economic and technical effects of the two drugs,the result of which answer the question that whether veterinary drugs usage in broiler industry exceeds the limit or not.more comprehensively.And factors such as cognition of animal drug use,market price and law enforcement supervision are taken into analysis framework for discussing the factors influencing the use of veterinary drugs deeply,by which the theory of animal drug use decision behavior is further enriched.Owing to uncertainties such as disease risk and market risk,and the nonlinear relationship between drug input and animal welfare,biosafety and scientific drug use,the Bayesian Confidence Network(BBN)model is adopted to analyze influence mechanism among three routes of reducing veterinary drugs and propose alternative method combination and possible approaches.The main findings and conclusions are as follows:There are many kinds of veterinary drug used in broiler farms in China.Among them,antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs,the dosage of which is higher than the level in the developed countries.The drug cos of single chicken is 1.39 RMB,in which the preventive medicine cost is 0.83 RMB,and the therapeutic cost is 0.56 RMB.In veterinary drug input,antibiotics,the cost of which is 0.67 RMB,accounting for 48% of veterinary drug input,is most widely used.An international comparison found that the single chicken antibiotic input dose in china is higher than that in broiler farms in Europe 9 countries and broiler farms in the USA that don’t use antibiotics,but lower than that in broiler farms Vietnamese as well as in the USA that use antibiotics.Second,the results of Weillbull damage control model show that veterinary drugs have positive economic effects.The drug input is not excessive,which means increasing the use of veterinary drugs could still bring considerable economic benefits to the broiler breeding industry.The marginal income of preventive veterinary drug input per 100 chickens is 2.3528 RMB,that is,if a farmer increases the input by 1 RMB,he will get net income by 1.4 RMB.The marginal income of therapeutic veterinary drug input per 100 chickens is 2.8673 RMB,that is,If a farmer increases the input by 1 RMB,he will get net income by 1.9 RMB.In terms of economic effect,veterinary drug use is not beyond reasonable limits in broiler industry.Thirdly,the results of the SUR model of technical performance of broiler show that veterinary drugs has positive technical effect,and veterinary drugs input has a positive effect on the three indexes of daily gain,feed conversion rate and mortality.As a whole,the elasticity of drug input to daily gain is 0.0706,the elasticity of feed to meat ratio is-0.0766,and the elasticity of mortality is-2.5409,that is,if drug input increased by 1%,daily gain will increase by 0.0706%,feed meat ratio will decrease by 0.0766%,and mortality will decrease by 2.5409%.In terms of kind,if prophylactic drugs increased by 1%,the mortality rate will decrease by 1.5488%,and the effects on daily gain and feed/meat ratio is not significant.If therapeutic drugs increase by 1%,daily gain will increase by 0.0751%,feed meat ratio will decrease by0.0397%,and mortality will decrease by 0.9453%.The results show that veterinary drug input haspositive effects on shortening feeding cycle,improving feed conversion rate and reducing mortality.Taking coercive measures on reduction of veterinary drugs may harm to breeding technology performance and output.in the current state.Fourthly,the results of model analysis of factors influencing the use of veterinary drugs in by farmers show that expected profit and broiler price were the main factors affecting the input of veterinary drugs positively.Breeding scale,veterinary drug price,scientific knowledge,strict supervision and breeding mode are the main factors that have negative affect on drug input,while the expected benefit of drug use(mainly the expected reduction of mortality)has a significantly positive effect on drug input.The influence of the expected benefit of drug use(mainly the expected reduction of mortality)on drug input,and the coefficient is 0.0022,indicating that the owners had a greater dependence on the technical performance of veterinary drugs.The influence of drug residue penalty on drug input was significantly negative,and the coefficient was-0.2358,indicating that taking strict punishment measures for excessive drug residues has remarkable effect on inhibited irrational drug use.The influence of the influence of veterinary knowledge on drug input was significantly negative,and the coefficient was-0.0756,indicating that strengthening the publicity of scientific drug use knowledge was conducive measure to reducing drug input.The influence of listing price on drug input was significantly positive,and the coefficient was 0.0115,which indicate that market factors are important factors affecting drug input.The influence coefficient of the price of drugs,especially nutrition and health products,on drug input was-0.1380,indicating that regulating the price of nutrition and health products will reduce drug input.The influence of the feeding scale has a significant effect on drug input,and the coefficient was-0.0138,indicating that increasing the feeding scale was conducive measure to reducing drug input.Veterinary drug use in “company+farmer”company or “one-stop” company are significantly lower than that of smallholder farm,indicating that improving the level of industrialization is effective to reducing the use of veterinary drugs.Fifth,the analysis of BBN model shows that the input of veterinary drugs has a strong substitution relationship with scientific drug use,biosafety and animal welfare.To avoid the loss of economic and technical benefits caused by the reduction of veterinary drugs,the reduction of veterinary drugs should choose the suitable measures to improve the level of scientific drug use,At present,the comprehensive average scores of scientific use,biosafety and animal welfare of broilers were 0.44,0.72 and 0.67,respectively,which still has a large gap with the best level.There is a weak negative correlation between scientific drug use,biosafety and animal welfare and drug input(p=-0.01;p=-0.11;p=-0.02),indicating that drug reduction can be achieved by improving the level of scientific drug use,biosafety and animal welfare.when the single path of drug input,scientific drug use,biosafety and animal welfare areat the highest level respectively,the technical and economic effects can reach a good state,but can not reach the best state.,under the ideal condition of low and minimum drug input and the highest technical and economic effects,routes of reducing veterinary drugs should be to strengthen biosecurity measures,improve the level of feeding and animal welfare,and employ full-time veterinarians to improve the scientific drug use level for broiler disease prevention and control vigorously.Sixth,in the case that the investment of veterinary drugs still has obvious economic and technological benefits,the government and breeding enterprises should make joint efforts to achieve the target veterinary drugs reduction substitution.The government should further strengthen the construction of the disease prevention and control system,deepen the implementation of the National Broiler Genetic Improvement Plan(2014-2025),strengthen research on core technologies for provenance innovation,improve the veterinary drug supervision system,update relevant technical standards in a timely manner,introduce incentive measures and policies to support breeding farms to adopt biosafety and animal welfare technologies,and encourage no-resistance breeding.Breeding enterprises should accelerate the industrialization process of broiler feeding,focus on improving the level of biosafety,attach great importance to animal welfare measures,rationally regulate drug use,and gradually reduce drug input.