Literature Research On The Origin Of Zhang Zhong Jing Prescription And Medicine Based On The Qin And Han Dynasty Medical Literature

Objective:To comprehensively sort out the five aspects of Chinese medicine,medical prescription compatibility,drug dosage,preparation method,drug usage and contraindications based on the Qin and Han Dynasty medical literature,and to explore the evolution trajectory of these prescription drug contents from the pre-Qin to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,in order to provide literature reference for the study of the history of Qin and Han medicine and the source flow of the Jingfang.Methods: This study uses the literature mutual verification method,data statistics method,classification research method,genesis method,comparative research method and other methods to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study of the medical literature excavated by the Qin and Han Dynasties and the related prescription drugs of "Zhang zhong jing",in order to summarize the achievements of prescription drugs in the Qin and Han dynasties and analyze the evolution of jingfang.Results The pre-Qin and Han Dynasties are the source of the development of traditional Chinese medicine,and the medical literature of Jian Bao records the medical achievements of this period,and excavating the academic value of these medical Janes can glimpse the original appearance of Qin and Han medicine.In this study,by collecting and sorting out the literature of simplified prescription medicines unearthed in the Qin and Han Dynasties,this study sorts out the overview of chinese medicines,medical prescription compatibility,drug dosage,preparation methods,drug usage and contraindications,and from these 5 aspects,explores the evolution of prescription drugs between the pre-Qin and the late Eastern Han Dynasty,and draws the following results:(1)Pre-Qin to two Han,a large number of drug categories and a large number,plant drugs have always dominated,and the proportion is getting heavier and heavier,although mineral drugs and animals are used,but the frequency of use has gradually decreased,and the use of utensil drugs to the "Treatise Zhang zhong jing" has rarely been used.The normative process of drug names is not an evolution from complex to simple,with the development of Han Dynasty linguistics,there has been a complex to simple,simple and complicated again,and finally returned to the normative unified development trajectory.The qi of medicines is mostly cold,warm and flat medicines,but from the Mawangdui Medical Book to the "Treatise Zhang zhong jing",the proportion of cold drugs gradually decreases,while the proportion of warm medicines gradually increases,and the five tastes of drugs are basically the same in Qin and Han,mainly spicy,followed by bitter and sweet taste.The evolution of drug efficacy,the accumulation of main experience in the early stage,from the extensive to the simplistic of drug materials,can be seen,with the continuous accumulation of experience,the relevant theoretical system has gradually been formed,and evolved into a theoretical guidance for medication。(2)There are already more fixed "drug pairs" in Qinhan Medicine,and these fixed"drug pairs" are the crystallization of long-term clinical practice experience.The compatibility method of medical prescriptions has been relatively mature in the Qin and Han Dynasties,and common compatibility methods such as similar phases,heterogeneous phases,opposite phases,and drug correction are all experienced in the simple medicine side,and these compatibilities provide a theoretical basis for the formula theory of "Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" and the prescription science of later generations.The simple medicine prescription is widely used in various clinical departments,providing a practical basis for the prescription of the"Treatise Zhang zhong jing",but Zhang Zhongjing has flexibly changed the medical prescription according to the surface of the disease,cold and heat,virtual reality,and shallow depth,making these medical prescriptions more suitable for clinical application.Ancient scriptures such as the Jian Shu Medical Formula and the Tang Liquid Scripture Method are the source of the medical prescriptions of the "Treatise Zhang zhong jing",and Zhang Zhongjing adopts the original prescription of the ancient medicine prescription or through addition and subtraction to form a transmission of the scriptures.(3)Qin and Han medicine in the length unit to take the drug in the ruler,and to the"Typhoid Fever miscellaneous diseases" gradually decreased;the weight unit is "jin"and "two" as the main unit,the late Eastern Han Dynasty introduced the unit of "baht",so that the drug measurement is more accurate;the capacity unit,the medical jane is mainly liter,combined,bucket,applied to solids and liquids,to the "Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases" capacity unit is more complete and mainly applied to the amount of liquid.As for the unit of assessment,like the medical jane,the Treatise Zhang zhong jing still retains the application of more units of assessment.(4)The concoction methods in the medical system mainly include the repair method,the water method,and the fire method.The cultivation method includes four categories: net system,cutting,research and smashing,which were inherited and developed by the "Treatise Zhang zhong jing" until the end of the Han Dynasty,and the performance was more standardized and the process was more refined.In terms of preparations,there are mainly six dosage forms of pills,decoctions,powders,ointments,decoctions,and mashed liquors,of which pill powders are the mainstay,but by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,they were mainly decoctions,and the two dosage forms of decoctions and mash liquor were rarely used,but through comparison,it is believed that the soup liquid gradually evolved into decoctions,and mash liquor evolved into liquor,and gradually evolved into the currently commonly used medicinal liquor.(5)The medication time contained in the medical jane is mostly dan or night,and the frequency of taking medicine is one day,two times a day,and more than one day,but until the "Wuwei Medical Jane" is slowly evolving into three times a day,because it is more common to take powder,the "Treatise Zhang zhong jing" adds the time of taking medicine according to the season and the incidence of the disease,and chooses the best time to take the drug according to the disease type and drug bias.In terms of the frequency of taking medicines,although it is mainly taken three times a day,the frequency of taking drugs is more diverse,the method of taking drugs is more flexible,and different frequencies of medication are used according to evidence.More than ten kinds of external uses are recorded in the medical journal: Fu method,smoking method,Mo method,coating method,washing method,ironing method,medicinal bath method,moxibustion method,gong method,angle method,ear plug method,nose plugging method,etc.Although the types of external treatment methods in"Zhang zhong jing" are not as good as those in the Jian Shu Medical Book,they are also quite distinctive,such as expanding the application of the Na Dao method,and creating the medicinal branding method and the honey method.On the contraindications to medication,medical Jane mainly has dietary taboos including avoiding meat dishes,wine and five spices,intercourse taboos,"Typhoid Fever miscellaneous diseases" drug taboos are basically similar to the Jane Shu medical book,pay more attention to the taboo of taking food that hurts the spleen and stomach during taking medication,and at the same time take divergents in the service of dissection table,when sheltered from wind and cold.Conclusion1.There are many types of Qin and Han medical drugs,and the names are complicated,and the types of drug applications in "Zhang zhong jing" tend to be simplified and the names are standardized.2.The compatibility theory of Qin and Han medicine and simple medical prescriptions is relatively mature,which provides a theoretical and practical basis for the formation of the medical prescription of "Zhang zhong jing3.The dosage of Qinhan medicine is relatively vague,and the "Treatise Zhang zhong jing" is more precise and standardized.4.The drug processing methods of Qin and Han Medicine are diverse and the dosage forms are rich,and the processing process of "Zhang zhong jing" is more refined,and the dosage form is reduced compared with the previous one,mainly decoction.5.Qin and Han medicine is simplified to "Zhang zhong jing",the internal administration method and medication contraindications are from simple to detailed,and although the types of external treatment methods are at least more,Zhongjing has created a number of new methods.