The Study On Vulgar Words Of Buddhist Scripts In The Manuscripts From Dunhuang In The National Library Of China

As we all know,Dunhuang Manuscripts are one of the most precious treasures of the National Library.The Manuscripts from Dunhuang in the National Library of China were published by Beijing Library Press in 2005,and146 volumes were published in eight years.Many new precious writings have been made public this time,and neither previous microfilm nor Taipei’s Dunhuang Treasure were included.Previous studies on the vulgar words in Dunhuang were mostly based on the vulgar words in the social and historical documents,which included the Dunhuang Manuscripts in the museums and libraries of Britain,France,Russia and those all around China.Although the materials for studying Dunhuang vulgar words are very abundant,but the studies still stay inadequacy,especially the specialized study of Dunhuang buddhist vulgar words.Therefore,based on the materials in The Manuscripts from Dunhuang in the National Library of China,this article makes a comprehensive exploration and research on the vulgar words of the Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures from the perspectives of philology,calligraphy and collation,trying to explore the differences and connections between Buddhist scriptures in Dunhuang and other non-Buddhist scripts,and the trace of development in the photocopy of Buddhist scriptures.Meanwhile,the Dunhuang Buddhist vulgar words were compared with the variant characters in photocopied Buddhist scriptures to find the connection between them.This article is divided into two volumes,the first one is the collation and theoretical analysis of Dunhuang Buddhist Scriptures and those vulgar words,and the second one is the practice of comparative exploration of textual comparison by using vulgar words in Dunhuang Buddhist scripts and the photocopied.The first volume is divided into four chapters.The first one is the introduction mainly introduces the basic situation of The Manuscripts from Dunhuang in the National Library of China,and summarizes the research achievements,directions and trends of the vulgar words in Dunhuang Buddhist scripts.It also discusses the significance of the study of vulgar words in Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures from the aspects of the history of Chinese characters,the history of Chinese language,the collation of literature and the construction of database.The second chapter is the study of the vulgar words in Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures.By sorting out the vulgar words in six categories and sixteen subcategories,we analyze their specific characteristics,and finally compare them with non-Buddhist documents.The third chapter is the exploration of Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures from the perspective of calligraphy.As the Dunhuang Manuscripts are handwritten copies,writing factors have a great influence on the font.The three sections in this chapter analyze the factors that may affect the generation and variation of Dunhuang vulgar words from the perspective of calligraphy theory,writer and writing tools.The first section discusses the reasons for the change and development of vulgar words by using the calligraphy theory related to the shape of Chinese characters.Section two intends to analyze the influence of different groups and people of different identities on writing activities.Section three analyzes the tools that may affect the writing condition on the basis of the unearthed cultural relics,trying to find out the relation between vulgar words and writing tools.The fourth chapter is the study on the evolution of vulgar words in the Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures.By studying of several representative characters such as "de" and "di",we trace the source of the vulgar words in the Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures,and find the trajectories of development of variant characters in photocopied Buddhist scripts.The second volume is a practical study of the contrast between the Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures and the photocopied Buddhist scriptures in order to solve the difficult and unknown texts in the photocopied Buddhist scriptures.Meanwhile,by analyzing and researching dozens of groups of variant texts,we can more clearly observe the inheritance relationship between the handwritten manuscript and the photocopied one,and understand which version of the manuscript is closer to the Dunhuang Manuscripts.The thesis intends to explore the characteristics and related situations of the vulgar words in the Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures from multiple perspectives,and try to discover new ideas for the studies of Dunhuang in cross-disciplinary studies,further deepening the understanding of the fields of vulgar words in Dunhuang Buddhist script,and make contributes to the development of the science of Chinese Characters and Phiology.