The Study Of Court Dance In Song Dynasty

Dance is an important form of art,which is composed of music,poetry and dance.It is a comprehensive artistic form of timeliness and spatiality.In addition to expressing emotions and satisfying people’s aesthetic needs,dance in court also played an important role in ancient political life.The court dance in the Song Dynasty mainly included elegant(or ritual)music and dance used in various ceremonies,represented by civil and military dances(Wen Wu Er Wu文武二舞),and popular(or folk)dance to satisfy the banquet activities of monarch and minister.The important type of the latter was court team dance(Dui Wu队舞).At the beginning of Zhao Song’s reign,the court followed the old ritual system of the Tang Dynasty.In the Tang Dynasty,Taichang Temple(太常寺)was in charge of the elegant music and dance,teaching of popular music is under the jurisdiction of other agencies,such as Jiao Fang(教坊)and Li Yuan(梨园).As for military music,although it was affiliated to Taichang Temple,but the music system was relatively independent.Elegant Music-Popular Music-Military Music,the three systems are relatively independent and develop in parallel.This situation was inherited by the Song Dynasty,but compared with the Tang Dynasty,the music institutions in the Song Dynasty had many new developments.Due to the political style of the Song Dynasty,the government agencies in the Song Dynasty were overlapped,and the setting up of music and dance agencies was also complicated.Such problems brought some difficulties to the discussion on the classification of music and dance.Therefore,it is problematic to discuss the music and dance organizations in the Song Dynasty solely on the basis of the three systems of elegant music,popular music and military music.In this paper,the song dynasty music and dance organizations are divided into four categories,namely,the imperial court music and dance organization,the central ritual music organization govered by tai Chang temple,the banquet music and dance organization,like Jiaofang,and last but not lest,the military music and dance organization,represented by Jun Rong Zhi(钧容直).This classification method first takes into account the different departments of the organizations,and s econdly takes into account the different types of music and dances.In addition,this thesis will no longer focus on the origin of the official system,the process of reform,the establishment and changes of music officials and other common topics of institutional research,but will focus on the parts that are more related to the ontological side of music and dance,such as the composition and powers and responsibilities of various institutions,and the specific responsibilities of deacons in music and dance performances.After six reforms of elegant music in the Song Dynasty,elegant dance,as an important part of elegant music,was also revised and adjusted many times in the Song Dynasty,w hich was full of thoughts of restoring ancient politics.At present,the study of court music and dance in the Song Dynasty mostly focuses on the aspects of music system,music law and team dance,but seldom dabbles in court ritual music and dance.This is not commensurate with the large amount of historical documents of elegant music in Song Shi Yue Zhi,but related to the aesthetic interest and research tradition of academic circles.This paper attempts to explore the original features of elegant music and dance from historical materials and to sort out the development of elegant music and dance in the Song Dynasty.From the very beginning of the Song Dynasty,great importance was attached to the construction and perfection of ritual and music systems.The Song Dynasty followed the classification of"Five Rites"and attached importance to the palace sacrificial activities and the music used in the ceremonial ceremonies of the court.Its elegant music production usually has a strong political and religious meaning.The main forms of elegant music in the Song Dynasty include Yue Xuan(乐悬),Deng Ge(登歌),Er Wu(二舞),Gu Chui(鼓吹),etc.Due to the different annotations of etiquette in the past dynasties,the Er Wu of different generations in the long river of history showed mixed and colorful colors.When making Er Wu in the Song Dynasty,reference was made to the ritual system of the previous generation.However,Song Confucians developed new studies and abandoned the annotation and annotation studies since the Han and Tang Dynasties.Therefore,when making elegant music dances,they often took the new studies as the theoretical basis and made elegant music dance ritual systems quite different from those of the previous generation.This reflects the characteristics of political,ideological and cultural development in the Song Dynasty.Gu chui that it belongs to folk music,song dynasty further added folk music dance to the marching ceremony of Lu Bu(卤簿)than Tang dynasty,w hich is evidence of the influence of the development of popular culture in song dynasty on court culture.However,because the Gu Chui music in the court are generally used in various ceremonies and ceremonies and are part of the ritual,it will be discussed as elegant music and dance in this article.In addition,temple dance,sacrificial dance and other music and dances related to sacrifice are listed in this article,although the length is not large.The palace banquet dance of the Song Dynasty is the dance form that can best embody the art of palace music and dance,and has always been the focus of relevant research.In this part,I will mainly discuss all kinds of banquets and dances,especially the content,form and origin of team dances.Song Dynasty was an era full of internal and external troubles in politics and military affairs,and also had considerable social,econo mic and cultural development.Neo-Confucianism prevailed.The imperial court pursued the authority of ruling discourse and tried its best to restore ancient ways.It initiated a conservative political trend.At the same time,the development of cultural diversity also achieved brilliant results.Under such a background,the evolution of court banquets and dances in the Song Dynasty was full of fission and transformation,and developed artistic forms with profound characteristics of the times.Compared with the dances of the Tang Dynasty,the Song Dynasty was not the beginning of the decline of dance art,and the feasting dances of the Song Dynasty were works of historical turning point.Team dance was the main part of the banquet dance in the Song Dynasty.Compared with the dance in Tang Dynasty,w hich mostly expressed simple emotions and a relatively free format,the "team dance" in Song Dynasty further developed into a dance expressing certain story content,with a set of fixed procedures in form.This mode of emphasizing story content and expression framework is undoubtedly the beginning of later operas.This article attempts to discuss various kinds of music and dance performances in the court of the Song Dynasty.It analyzes the types,forms and themes of music and dance in the court of the two Song Dynasties.It also carries out a microscopic examination of the historical background,performance methods and narrative plots of the dance itself.It also considers the inheritance and variation of the dance a nd analyzes the subtle influence of the social changes in the Tang and Song Dynasties on the artistic forms.