The Study On The Comments Of Du Fu’s Poems In The Late Ming And Early Qing Dynasties

The position of Du Fu(杜甫)’s poems in the history of Chinese poetry was self-evident,their comments were representative in the history of Chinese poetry comments,and Comments on Du Fu’s poems in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,from Jiajing(嘉靖)to Yongzheng(雍正)period,occupied an important position in the whole comment of Du Fu’s poems.There have been many achievements in the study of comments on Du’s Fu’s poems,but there is no special discussion on Du Fu’s poems comments in this important stage of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.In view of this,this paper tries to find out the evolution of Du Fu’s comments in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties through sorting out the literature.It mainly explores from two periods,and takes the general comments on the versions,content and values of each period’s literary trend to reveal the face of comment.From Jiajing(嘉靖)to Chongzhen(崇祯)in the late Ming Dynasty,Du Fu’s poems comments system was established,which inherited the literati of Song(宋)and Yuan(元)dynasties in aesthetic taste,and was more obvious than the performance.In terms of geographical distribution,it gradually radiated from the west of the Song and Yuan Rivers to the southern coastal areas and the northern areas.On the type of edition types,there appeared the forms of interpretation and comment,full comment and textual comment.The form norms of Du Fu’s poems comments also tended to mature,forming a relatively complete symbol system of comments and comments paradigm.The prosperity of Du Fu’s poems comments at the end of Ming Dynasty was directly related to the social atmosphere of advocating Du Fu,the trend of thinking of restoring ancient ways and the trend of thinking of practical learning.Specific to each stage in this period,comments of Du Fu’s poems had different styles.During the period from Jiajing(嘉靖)to Longqing(隆庆)(1522-1572),ten books were reviewed.The circulation of literature containing liu Chenweng(刘辰翁)’s comments on Du Fu’s poems in Song Dynasty was in the mainstream position.The appearance of Zheng Shanfu(郑善夫)’s comment played a key role in the transformation of Du Fu’s poems comments.He learned poetry from Du Fu,but showed a tendency of non-Du in his comments,which was influenced by the members of the retro school.Zheng Shanfu’s comments were favored by Wang Shenzhong(王慎中)in central Fujian.Wang Shenzhong compiled a large number of Zheng Shanfu’s commnents to show his view about Du Fu’s poems.Liu Chenweng’s comments on Du Fu’s poems were widely spread in the Ming Dynasty.Among them,the collection of thousands of poems annotated by Du Gongbu(《集千家注杜工部诗集》)in the 15th year of Jiajing was the main version containing Liu Chenweng’s comments.Because of its complex relationship with the four Treasury editions of the Qing Dynasty,it was specially discussed to prove the universality and high quality of Liu Chenweng’s comments in this period.During the Wanli(万历)period(1573-1619),there were eleven commentaries.The comment track of Du poetry has changed,the spread of Liu Chenweng’s commentary on Du Fu’s poems has retreated to a secondary position,and the comment was booming,there were the new forces of respecting Du Fu represented by Wang Shizhen(王慎中),Sun Kuang(孙鑛)and Guo Zhengyu(郭正域),the collection of Xie Jie(谢杰)’s Du Fu’s Poems combined with annotation and evaluation,the Li Bai and Du Fu he evaluation version of Li tingji(李廷机),and the Jingling School(竟陵派)of Du Fu’s poems comments that showed the true feelings.The content of the comments was mostly influenced by the main trend of the theory of nature and spirit at that time.Guo Zhengyu’s Comment on Du Fu’s Seven-word Formal Poem(《批点杜工部七言律》)was the main representative.The content of the comments showed the pursuit of language fluency,advocating truth,emphasizing style discrimination,paying attention to composition and so on.Although Xie Jie’s Du L(?)Zhan Yan《杜律詹言》)was not directly related to the theory of nature and spirit,it has created the form of Du Fu’s poems collection evaluation,and its position in the history of the evaluation can not be ignored.From Tianqi(天启)to Chongzhen(崇祯)(1621-1644),there were nine commentaries.At this time,Du Fu’s poems comments appeared in a diversified situation,notably the publication of the collection of pure comments,there were mainly Du Shi Xuan《杜诗选》)by Min Yingbi(闵映壁)and Du Shi Tong(《杜诗通》)by Hu Zhenheng(胡震亨).Yang Shen(杨慎)’s comments were special,showing an aesthetic interest of seeking truth and antiquity as a whole.His textual criticism has been the first since the Song,Yuan and Ming Dynasties,and played a key role in the development trend of comments in the future.From Shunzhi(顺治)toYongzheng(雍正)in the early Qing Dynasty,Du Fu’s poems comments continued from the Ming Dynasty and were mature in style.The further evolution is mainly reflected in the expansion of the scale of the evaluation,the geographical distribution was concentrated in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Hui area,and the evaluation community as a whole highlighted the literati.However,the evaluation community was diversified,including survivors,literati and officials,literati groups,and the remarkable was that the evaluation had the characteristics of family inheritance.In the form of comments,comments on the form of this version was diverse,secondary comments derivative,comments on the symbol of dense.In this period,the poetry comments of Zhu Xuehong(朱雪鸿)and Song Luo(宋荦)coincide with the poetic context at that time.At present,Zhu Xuehong’s biography has not been clearly researched in academic circle,and there were also errors in judging the age of Zhu Xuehong’s Comments of Du Fu’s Poems(《朱雪鸿批杜诗》).It has been found through textual research that Zhu Xuehong should be Zhu Jin,who annotated this book and dwelled in Kunshan(昆山)in the early Qing Dynasty.He lived in Shunzhi(顺治)and Kangxi(康熙)Dynasty,not in Qianlong(乾隆)period.Correspondingly,Zhu Xuehong’s Comments of Du Fu’s Poems was not written during the periods of Qianlong,should be Kangxi Dynasty.In addition,according to the internal evidence in the book,Zhu Haoying compiling and Zhu Xuehong noting were two persons,could not be one.Zhu Haoying supplemented and perfected Zhu Xuehong’s comments with additional characters.The purpose of Zhu Xuehong’s comments on Du Fu’s Poems showed people how to learn Poetry,corrected the drawbacks of poetic field in the early Qing Dynasty,and refuted the misreading of Du Fu’s Poems.According to this,the process of Zhu Xuehong’s comments on Du Fu’s Poems can be roughly outlined.His comments presented a kind of truth-seeking purport,it was embodied in two aspects:the real person and the real poem,so he praised Du Fu’s sincerity and his poetry’s innocence.This poetics concept coincided with the poetic context of true poetry in the early Qing Dynasty.The representative critics of Du’s poetry collection in the early Qing Dynasty were Song Luo,whose critics included Du Shi Chan(《杜诗阐》)and Du Gong Bu Shi Chao(《杜工部诗钞》).The early Qing Dynasty,due to the literary trends of thoughts,the influence of power discourse and the strong atmosphere of comments on Du Fu’s poems,two books came out.His comments were mainly about Du Fu’s poetry appreciation,short and simple.On the selection of various comments,it adopted the methods of cutting,unchanging and quoting,reflecting the specific comment ideas of Song Luo.It preserved the original state of Shao Changheng’s comments on Du Fu’s poems which had been lost,then,it was an important document to clarify the comments of SongLuo and Shao Changheng.Meanwhile it also had a certain influence on the later edition comments on Du Fu’s poems.The value of Du Fu’s poems comments in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties was diverse and profound.The value of communication lied in breaking the situation of unparalleled annotation,providing learners with a way to write the poetry,and the form of comment met the needs of different levels.These aspects were deeply welcomed by learners,so it could be widely disseminated and played an important role in the canonization of Du Fu’s poems.The cognitive value lied in reflecting the social era,literati mentality and literary trend at that time,and then revealing the track of social psychology and cultural thought changed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties from one side.The theoretical value was reflected in its organic composition of the integrity of poetic theory,its clear direction,the richness of famous article comments and the uniqueness of guiding readers’ appreciation.The internal critical value of comments and many theoretical words were put forward,which were rich and complementary to literary theory,and had important enlightenment value to Chinese contemporary literary creation and literary theory construction.Du Fu’s poems comments also had literature value.They not only preserved a large number of literature materials in the comments,but also provided reference for the research materials of Du Fu’s poems acceptance history and the historical materials of the commentator’s poetry theory research.