| In the 21st century,human society has entered a new era.The most essential and distinctive feature of social progress and development is innovation and innovative thinking.General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed that reform and innovation are the fundamental driving force for the development of human society.We need to explore new development paths with innovative thinking and firm confidence.He also said: "only the innovator advances,only the innovator is strong,only the innovator wins." In order to better engage in innovative practice,innovators need to have innovative thinking and innovative ability.In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2017,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out clearly that "to enhance political leadership,we must adhere to the five thinking forms of strategic thinking,innovative thinking,dialectical thinking,rule of law thinking and bottom-line thinking".It can be seen that our party and country attach great importance to innovative thinking and innovative ability.As a unique high-level thinking activity and spiritual process,innovative thinking is the spiritual root and thought source of all innovative practice activities of human beings.Without innovative thinking,all the innovative practice activities of people,the progress and development of human material civilization and spiritual civilization would be out of the question.Throughout the history of human development,all the achievements of human civilization are the crystallization of innovative thinking.This paper is divided into five parts,the basic theoretical issues and practical value of innovative thinking are systematically explained and discussed.The first part is the introduction,which mainly expounds the research background,research significance,research status at home and abroad,research ideas and innovative points of innovative thinking from the perspective of Marx’s human theory,and combs the core concepts.The second part,mainly discusses the basis of Marxist human theory of innovative thinking,and puts forward that the essence of human is the theoretical basis of innovative thinking.First,it criticizes the traditional way of understanding human beings from the perspective of "species".This way of thinking is also an "ontological" way of thinking,that is,the extreme and opposite way of thinking.On the issue of human nature,some people simply "materialize" human beings and attribute them to material nature,or simply "deify" human beings and attribute them to spiritual nature.In fact,man is a wonderful life existence,not only has the body,but also has the soul,both of them are indispensable,only the organic combination of these two aspects is the real sense of man.So,instead of a single,predetermined and unchanging way of thinking,we should jump out of the "abstract theory of human nature" and grasp people in accordance with "the way of people",that is,to know people from the perspective of "practice" and its way of thinking.Secondly,it explains the role of Marx’s thought of human nature in the generation,enrichment and development of innovative thinking.The general nature of human beings is free and conscious labor,which is the fundamental mark that distinguishes human beings from animals,while the essence of human beings lies in reality,that is,the sum of all social relations.Human beings carry out creative labor in certain social relations.The enrichment and development of innovative thinking cannot be separated from social relations and is influenced and restricted by them.Marx reveals human subjectivity from the perspective of practice,which mainly refers to the initiative,autonomy and creativity of human beings as the subject of practical activities in the role of the object.Creation is a behavior originating from the nature of the subject.As the creative subject,the creative thinking of man is the high embodiment of the development of subjectivity.The formation,enrichment and development of innovative thinking cannot be separated from the consciousness and awakening of the subject.Marx also considered the essence of human beings from the perspective of human’s own development,and believed that the internal,main reasons and direct driving force of human social practice came from the constantly changing needs of human development.This kind of demand can often stimulate people to carry out innovative activities and promote the development of innovative thinking and ability.The third part comprehensively expounds the decisive role of practice in innovative thinking.Human agency practices distinguish humans from animals.Human creativity is realized through exploratory practice.Practice is the source and fundamental driving force of the generation and development of innovative thinking.The interaction between the subject and the object of innovative thinking constitutes the activity of innovative thinking.The relationship between the subject and the object of innovative thinking is the unity of opposites in essence,and the basis of unity is practice.Innovative thinking is an advanced form of human thinking.Its generation and development are not only influenced by innate physiological and psychological factors,but also by acquired practical activities.Practice plays a decisive role in the generation and development of innovative thinking.Innovative thinking(consciousness)is the function of human brain and the product of the advanced stage of understanding objective things.Therefore,like consciousness,innovative thinking comes from practice,and its development depends on practice.The fourth part focuses on the important role of innovative thinking in human development.The value pursuit of innovative thinking is to realize people’s free and all-round development."Free and all-round development" is one of the key issues of Marx’s life,is the basic principle of communism,and is also an important theme of Marx’s human theory.Human development is the comprehensive and free development of everyone in society in many aspects,which is the lofty value pursuit of human development and the ultimate value ideal of social development.The realization of this pursuit and ideal means the complete liberation of all mankind.As an advanced form of human cognition,innovative thinking is the core factor of innovative ability,which dominates human innovative ability.Innovative thinking is the inherent requirements of people’s free and all-round development,which can not only enhance people’s essential strength,but also provide great possibility for people’s all-round development.It is the fundamental factor for human’s continuous development and improvement.Innovative thinking is conducive to the smooth realization of people’s free and all-round development,and is the ideological guarantee of free and all-round development.The fifth part systematically expounds the leading role of innovative thinking for innovative practice and the practical value of innovative thinking.Innovative practice is guided by innovative thinking and innovative theory.Innovative thinking is an important support for theoretical innovation,which guides and promotes the development of innovative practice.Innovative thinking is also the soul and core of innovative practice,which leads technological innovation,institutional innovation and knowledge innovation.At the same time,innovative thinking is also the core quality of innovative talents and the first element of soft power in the construction of an innovation-oriented country. |
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