From Speech To Body

Confucius and his thoughts have a fundamental role in the formation of political ideas in the Confucian context.The return to the Analects of Confucius and "Zi Yue" is a kind of tracing to the source of Confucian political thought and a re-questioning of"what is politics" in Confucius’ eyes.Politics in the eyes of Confucius constituted the basic object of the whole study.The study aims to provide a way to describe and explain Confuciusist politics in the context of modern politics.The study generally adopts a cross-vision of philosophy and politics.This cross-disciplinary attempt is not only an autonomous choice,but also determined by the problem itself.The what needs to be clarified at first is that politics was not explained by Confucius as a universal concept.Confucius had a special way of describing politics.What Confucius talked is about a way of governance to apply to a particular person.Thus the study is divided into "politics in particularism" and"politics in universalism".In the "politics in particularism" section the study aims to clarify the relationship between "Zi Yue" and politics.This part can be divided into two aspects:on the one hand,we discussed the political nature of "Zi Yue".The speech recognized by Confucius is not an anonymous speech,which is different from the logical argument that only retains "words and things",but a speech in which there is always a "virtuous person" in it,and a speech in which "man and speech" appear together.On the other hand,we discussed the way and meaning of politics is expressed in the "Zi Yue".The meaning of politics is expressed by Confucius as the skill of "governing" and the road of "benevolence"..On a personal level the skill of "governing" is contained within the road of "benevolence".In the "politics in universalism" section the study aims to illustrate how moralization-body lays the foundation for the formation of a universal form of politics.The moralization-body is not physical and cannot be understood in terms of the separation of consciousness from the physical body.Everyone has the moralization-body which have innate potential to be benevolent,to be humanized and to be "Gan" and "Ying".Body-connection among people established on moralization-body form the basis of politics.We can describe this tind of politics in terms of publicity,governance and institutionalization.In the dimension of publicity politics takes the form of the Tianxia-politics."Tianxia" is not a physical space.There is an inner connection between the moralization-body and "Tianxia".Tianxia-politics does not accept individual forms of people.In the dimension of governance politics takes the form of the Wuwei-politics."WUwei" suggests a kind of spontaneous order which is different from Hayek’s spontaneous order.The moralization-body provides a guarantee for the realization of this spontaneous order.In the dimension of institutionalization politics takes the form of the Lizhi-politics."Li" has a unique institutionalization function,which carries out its institutionalized function through "to-be-man" rather than systematization.This institutionalized function is compatible with the moralization-body.