A Study Of Song Dynasty Test Fu

The essence of the test includes selection activities and literary styles,and its formation and new changes are always in and out of the political economy and culture and education of the era in which it is located.In the Northern Song Dynasty,the political "peace and government",the "co-rule of ruler and minister",the support of the civil officials under the prosperous economy and the desire for retro thinking cultivated the spirit of "taking the world as one’s own" in the Northern Song Dynasty and profoundly influenced the Song dynasty.The political changes prompted the pre-testing of the Song dynasty.The political changes prompted the test fu to succeed the late Tang and then Zhou,and slowed down the Song dynasty,while continuously strengthening the influence of the monarch on the test fu examination.The formation of the civil official group,the high political spirit of the scholars,and the emergence of the Retroism created an atmosphere of heated debates on the examination of test fu and criticism of the test fu based on the "Retroism" argument in the Northern Song Dynasty.In the Southern Song Dynasty,the regime was in turmoil,the economy was in recession,and the imperial examination test fu embodied strong centralised features,and the content of the test fu was mostly centred on the theme that "saints" acted in accordance with the Way of Heaven;in terms of ideology,Zhu Xi and Lu Jiubuan launched the "Taoist questioning","respect for virtue" and "respect for the moral nature".In the ideological aspect,the debate between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiubuan on "Dao Qixue" and "Respect for Virtue" is not only a philosophical problem of attribution,but also a reflection of the literary form and righteousness of the literary form containing the style of the test fu,and the concentration of the problems of the retro and the red tape,nature and labour.The political economy and cultural education of the Song Dynasty fully prepared for the imperial examination test fu from the "Tang" into the "Song",and became an important reason for the repeated changes of test fu.However,the more frequent strikes and resumptions of the Northern Song Dynasty,as well as the seemingly stable division of the Southern Song Dynasty into different disciplines,showed the opposing views of the scholarly class.The literati who admired the test fugue believed that its stylistic origins had a clear "scriptural" colouring,and that the system’s subtlety and rhetorical beauty were in line with the state’s need to obtain a scholarly degree.The opponents also cited the shortcomings of the system,and more importantly,this group of scholars tried to criticize the shortcomings of the system and point out the bad academic style behind it.However,no matter whether they were against or in favour of it,both of them pointed to the respect of the ancient system and the spirit of "ancient way".Compared with the Tang Dynasty,the examination procedure of the Song Dynasty was more complicated and strict,but also left some room for manoeuvre.The examination process of the Song Dynasty was integrated into the overall process of the imperial examinations.The important information of the candidates should be verified before the test,but most of the regulations are vague and vague except for the household registration.Before the provincial exams and the temple exams,candidates must also be aware of the time,venue,location,format of the exam paper,and the required allowed to carry the rhyme book.At the end of the examination,in order to ensure the fairness and efficiency of the examination papers,the Song Dynasty also established a mutually restrictive marking process and strict grading standards.In addition,candidates were required to follow and excel in Confucian and Taoist thought and to pay attention to changes in social and literary trends,but ultimately it was the political thinking of the monarch that determined the outcome.In the Song Dynasty,in order to cope with the imperial examinations,the academies and fugue books provided systematic and patterned teaching and guidance,which also advanced the process of solidifying the test fugue.The creation of test fugue as a genre should be centred on the three aspects of matter and meaning(theme),diction and gongshang(rhyme).In the Song Dynasty,there was a distinction between real and imaginary matter,with Confucianism and Taoism as the imaginary,and current affairs and politics as the real.Though the meaning of the real and the imaginary affects the choice of words,they all need to be "exquisite" to prevail.The diction of the test fu is based on the refinement of sentences and words.The sentence should be appropriate to the topic and show the talent,and the sentence is especially important for the knowledge of the instrument.Rhyme requirements are also more and more,and more and more strict,about,fall rhyme,superimposed rhyme,a word synonymous with the use of two sounds,etc.,there are strict rules.These cumbersome regulations made the test fugu farther and farther away from the "natural" artistic creation.In the end,the development of fugu continued the process of "naturalisation" of fugu,while the test fugu,which was underpinned by legal fugu,eventually fell into the situation of stylistic solidification.After the death of Song Dynasty,the activity of test fugu still survived in various dynasties.The controversy of "ancient legal fugu",the independence of fugu theory,and the solidification of the system of test fugu in the Southern Song Dynasty had an important influence on the theories of imperial examination and fugu in the later generations.In the Yuan Dynasty,the ancient fugu was used as the test fugu body,while in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the law fugu was used to test fugu on a small scale,and these two ways were exactly the response to the debate on the test fugu in the Song Dynasty.In the Southern Song Dynasty,the test fugue form of "speaking on behalf of the sages" provided an important idea for the creation of the eight-legged essay.In addition,in the system of fugue theory,a large number of fugue books appeared in the Song Dynasty,which realised the independence of "fugue theory" in the form of text,and Zhu Xi,who was against the trial of fugue,interpreted the six meanings of Chusuo,which inspired Zhu Yao in the Yuan Dynasty to write "The Discussion of the Body of Ancient Fugue" for the trial of ancient fugue,and it became a work of the fugue theory of the later generations.