The Research On Philosophy Of Xin Of Pre-Qin Daoism

This paper takes Xin in pre-Qin Daoist philosophy as the research object,and systematically probes into its basic connotation and ideological pedigree.Since Laozi,Daoism explored and deduced Xin in the vision of Dao(道)and De(德)philosophy,which based on the perspective of WanWu(万物)in the universe,and jointly constructed a unique picture of Xin thought by inheriting,developing and transforming.The discussion on the connotation of Xin of pre-Qin Daoism is mainly carried out from five dimensions,that are what is Xin,the theoretical basis of Xin,function of Xin,cultivation of Xin and political practice of Xin.In defining some basic questions about Xin,such as the origin of Xin,what is Xin,the type of Xin and the characteristics of Xin,pre-Qin Daoism inherited the basic definition of Xin in ancient China,and combined it with its own unique concepts.It is proposed that Xin dominates the body,Xin is the thinking organ that dominates the thinking behavior and the emotional desire,and Xin is the essence of human being who pursues the value of truth,kindness and beauty.There are three types of Xin,that are Xin of physiology,Xin of secular and bi xin zhi xin(彼心之心).And the bi xin zhi xin(彼心之心)has the characteristics of He(和)and Zhen(真).The consideration of some basic problems of Xin is the premise of comprehending.The philosophical thought of Xin discussed by Daoism in pre-Qin Dynasty revolves around the two core and closely related concepts of Dao and De.Dao not only has the meaning of the root of Xin and the spiritual realm of Xin,but also the meaning of the fundamental law of Xin through Dao Fa Zi Ran(道法自然).De is the use of Dao,and Xin is the external manifestation of the spirit of Dao into De,at the same time,Xin and De influence and interact with each other.Accurately grasping the relationship between Dao,De and Xin is the key to understand the thought of Xin of pre-Qin Daoism,and is also the theoretical basis for answering a series of questions about th function of Xin.On the basis of the theory of Dao and De,it is logical to discuss a series of problems with the function of Xin as the main line.First of all,on the question of what is the function of Xin,the pre-Qin Daoist made a distinction for the functions of different types of Xin and thus put forward that only the bi xin zhi xin(彼心之心)which can store Qi(气)has the function of Zhi Dao(知道).As for the method of Zhi Dao(知道),Guan(观)proposed by pre-Qin Daoist is not only external observation and seeing,but also an internal examination and insight of self-observation.It mainly includes three levels of content,such as guan wu(观物),guan dao(观道)and guan fu(观复),as well as the methods of guan,such as Xi Ming(袭明),Wei Ming(微明)and Yi Ming(以明).Secondly,on the issue of how to realize the function of the Xin,because Xin must be cultivated to achieve bi xin zhi xin(彼心之心),therefore,the key to realize the function of the Xin lies in the cultivation of Xin,which mainly includes the cultivation principle of cultivating Xin and formalizing Xing(修心而正形),and the cultivation goal of traveling Xin(游心)as the core.As well as Xin Zai(心斋)as the core of Xu Jing(虚静)and Zhuan Qi(专气)and Tuan Qi(抟气).Finally,in addition to realizing the function of Xin,it is also necessary to answer the question of how Xin can practice and govern the Dao after Zhi Dao(知道)in the realistic social level.In other words,the use of the function of Xin into the political field and its achievement are important contents of the picture.In order to realize the ideal social state of the self-orientation of people(民自化),the unity of people(民心一)and the harmony of people(万民和辑),Daoism constructed a series of practical methods of Yin(因),such as Wu Wei(无为),Fu(辅),following Zi Ran(顺物自然),following Ming and studying Li(循名究理)and the way of Jing and Yin(静因之道).After a relatively comprehensive analysis of the pre-Qin Daoist philosophical thought of Xin,it is necessary to carry on the modern evaluation.Firstly,the main characteristics of Xin of pre-Qin Daoist thought can be summarized into three aspects,that are attaching importance to the theoretical vision of Wan Wu,attaching importance to the Dao and attaching importance to the transcendence of individuality.Secondly,the thought of Xin of pre-Qin Daoism has the academic value of connecting the preceding and the following.Finally,the thought of Xin pre-Qin Daoism provides modern value and significance for reference in the aspects of individual physical and mental health,scientific social governance,harmonious coexistence of diversified values and so on.