Research On The Basic Content Of Marx And Engels’ Ideological And Political Education And Its Contemporary Enlightenment

As a key element in the ideological and political education system,the content of ideological and political education has always been a hot theoretical proposition in the field of ideological and political education research.For the theoretical innovation and development of the content of Marxist ideological and political education,the classic text of Marx and Engels is undoubtedly a treasure house with rich ideological resources and solid theoretical support,which is worthy of comprehensive interpretation and in-depth excavation,from which we can learn the spiritual nutrients and practical wisdom of optimizing and revitalizing the content of ideological and political education in the new era.By comprehensively grasping the theory and practice of Marx and Engels on ideological and political education,deeply analyzing the classic statements in Marx and Engels’ texts,and deeply understanding the basic positions,views,and methods of Marx and Engels on the content of ideological and political education,it can be concluded that political education,theoretical armed forces,faith education,and moral education have more expositions and rich ideological connotations in Marx and Engels’ texts,They together constitute the main aspects of Marx and Engels’ ideological and political education content,and can serve as the basic support for the study of Marx and Engels’ ideological and political education content theory.Marx and Engels clearly pointed out that all class struggles are political struggles.Since they have not received any "political education",the proletarian masses tend to be blind and at a disadvantage in the struggle.Politics means a clear stand and guidance,which is a prerequisite for the proletarian movement to win.From Marx and Engels’ discussion on political organization form,political understanding,political ability,political position,political action,political movement,political theory,etc.,we can fully understand their emphasis on politics.They try to change the current situation of vague political awareness,low political ability,and lack of political direction through education and guidance.These expositions have not only the content of direct education and appeal to the working masses,but also the theoretical revelation to the working masses indirectly,including the necessity of engaging in politics,and the interpretation of the ideological views of religion,country,class,political party,nation,and human liberation.These contents play a key role in turning the proletariat into an organized political force,making the revolutionary movement from spontaneity to self-consciousness,constantly enhancing the ability and level of political struggle,establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat,and promoting the international communist movement.If political education can provide a firm position and firm guidance for the workers,then theoretical education is the necessary content to enable people to establish a scientific perspective,improve their theoretical accomplishment and enhance their fighting skills.As early as in "Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law",Marx and Engels forcefully used "thorough theory" to persuade the masses of the people and hit the simple people’s garden with "lightning of thought".They created advanced scientific theories and provided sharp "spiritual weapons" for the workers.Marx and Engels repeatedly mentioned the concepts of "theoretical work","theoretical struggle" and "theoretical propaganda",and took theoretical education as the crucial content of ideological and political education.They have a deep insight into the importance of the foundation of the scientific world outlook,ideological indoctrination,correct thoughts and theories,and theoretical thinking to the awareness of the workers and the victory of the revolutionary movement,so they attach great importance to and carry out theoretical education in a practical way,so as to awaken consciousness,transmit belief,inspire awareness,and gather strength with theory.Whether it is political education or theoretical arming,it ultimately points to the formation and establishment of good faith.Marx and Engels took universal human liberation and all-round development as their lifelong pursuit.The guidance of this lofty belief is of fundamental orientation.They have clearly stated that they have the obligation to scientifically demonstrate their ideas,but it is equally important to enable the proletariat and the broad masses of the people to support their beliefs.In the view of Marx and Engels,belief can have an important impact on people’s thoughts and behaviors.Once formed,it will act on people’s words and deeds,making the subject consciously abandon other beliefs that are contrary to the beliefs in his mind.From their many statements on belief,we can comprehensively grasp and summarize the specific contents of belief education carried out by Marx and Engels for the proletariat and the masses,including the education of communist belief,the belief that independent organizations become proletarian parties,international belief and revolutionary struggle belief.Just as the exploiting class consolidates and maintains its dominant position,it will educate people with "beliefs,creeds and principles" that are in line with their fundamental interests,and "do everything possible to strengthen,nurture and indoctrinate" false and narrow beliefs.Marx and Engels are committed to making correct,expectable and scientific beliefs the firm ideological guidance of people through faith education,and guiding them to join in the great revolutionary movement seeking human liberation.If the above education content is not supplemented by moral education,it will also be unable to better play the role and mission of ideological and political education.As a powerful force inheriting tradition,morality influences and dominates people’s thoughts and behaviors invisibly.Some scholars think that Marx and Engels have no idea of moral education when they study the ideological theory of Marx and Engels.However,in The Situation of the British Working Class,Engels once criticized that the working people could not get a good "moral education",and the whole situation and the surrounding environment strongly promoted their moral degradation.Marx and Engels hated the abstract moral concepts and principles of the bourgeoisie and other exploiting classes,and emphasized that the proletariat has different customs and morals.Both the education of moral cognition,the exposure and reconstruction of bourgeois freedom,equality and fraternity,the prospect of proletarian morality and representing future social morality,and the criticism of feudal morality,religious morality and capitalist morality constitute the unique moral education content of Marx and Engels,which helps to eliminate the traditional and wrong moral concepts and moral regulations instilled by the bourgeoisie,Let the workers get rid of the shackles of the old social system’s ideology,gradually grasp the real human morality that represents the progress of the future society,and actively struggle for freedom and liberation under the guidance of correct moral concepts.Through the overall grasp of political education,theoretical arms,faith education and moral education,we can further analyze and summarize the construction basis,basic characteristics and internal logic of Marx and Engels’ ideological and political education content theory.Like all epoch-making content systems,Marx and Engels’ ideological and political education content theory is also constructed in the needs of the times,and on this basis,it points to the ultimate care for individual needs,combines the goal requirements of education implementers,and follows the law of human thought development.Therefore,the content theory in general reflects the distinctive characteristics of integrity,hierarchy,scientificity,practicality and humanity.Although Marx and Engels did not endow these contents with perfect internal logic through direct and clear exposition and expression,the charm of theoretical thinking lies in the ability to grasp the internal connection of the essence of things through appearances and reach a deeper ideological cognition of things.In the induction and deduction of these contents,we can discover that they play an irreplaceable role in Marx and Engels’ ideological and political education as programmatic content,basic content,core content and expanding content.Adherence to integrity points to innovation,and returning to the original is for innovation.If we only stay at the level of text carding and investigation,we cannot base ourselves on the times and take care of the theoretical aspirations and practical needs of reality,which will turn classics into dogmas and let the truth lose its vitality.Marx and Engels’ content theory of ideological and political education can provide enlightenment for the implementation and improvement of ideological and political education in the new era.Although the development of the new media era has spawned a more diversified new carrier and new form of ideological and political education,the selection and implementation、the improvement and optimization of the content of ideological and political education are still the key to the effectiveness of ideological and political education.Therefore,the ideological and political education in the new era should strengthen the guidance of political guidance and implement the content of political education;Insist on arming the broad masses of the people with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;Comprehensively strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs,and forge a strong spiritual force in the whole society;Insist on establishing morality and cultivating people,and strive to improve the ideological and moral level of the whole nation.We should fully adhere to the basic position and viewpoint of Marxism,and constantly create a new situation of innovation,development and improvement of the content and theory of ideological and political education on this basis...