| Studies have shown that the talent training of physical education major centering on the development of pre-service physical education teachers Pedagogical Content Knowledge(PCK)is not only conducive to improving their teaching ability,but also conducive to the reform of talent training mode.The research results on PCK have become the theoretical basis for the formulation of the "2017 National Standards for Primary Physical Education Teachers " in the United States.However,there are still some problems in the research on PCK,such as different concepts,unclear classification,expanded connotation and weak operability,and there is a lack of research on the development of PCK by training teachers? mental skills that produce and develop PCK.In view of the shortcomings of predecessors,this paper firstly defines the connotation of PCK(process PCK and focus PCK)by using the method of literature and logical thinking.According to Feng Zhongliang’s structure-oriented teaching theory,this paper proposes the theoretical hypothesis that the focus PCK can be developed by developing mental skills(process PCK).Then,Nvivo11.0 was used to comprehensively analyze the qualitative data of 27 expert teachers,including videos,teaching plans,curriculum design and interview transcripts.The Prototype of mental activity for expert teacher to generate and develop focus PCK is constructed as pre-service physical education teachers? process PCK operational prototype by open coding,axial coding and selective coding.Finally,according to the process PCK operation prototype,the structure-oriented PCK workshop(independent variable)for development of preservice physical education teachers? focus PCK was designed.Pre-service physical education teachers need to complete prototype orientation and prototype operation in the workshop.Teacher variables(frequency and percentage of focus PCK selection,adaptation,representation)and student variables(frequency and percentage of total,correct,incorrect other exercises)were used as dependent variables.Referring to the quasi-experimental research of Kim(2011,2018),the video behavior analysis method was used to collect the dependent variable data,and then mathematical statistics were conducted on the teacher variables and student variables before and after the intervention.The following conclusions and suggestions are drawn.Conclusions: PCK includes focus PCK and process PCK.The focus PCK is the decision made by teachers based on various knowledge bases,which is the result of mental activities.Process PCK is the mental process of the generation and development of focal PCK,which is a mental skill.The internal conditions of the operation of the process are physical education subject knowledge,teaching experience and teaching knowledge,and the external conditions are the space-time environment before,during and after class.The role of internal and external conditions makes the process PCK operation prototype divided into self-exploration to generate focus PCK before class,learning from experience to generate focus PCK before class,and development focus PCK during class and after class.Through the training of process PCK can promote the generation and development of focus PCK for pre-service physical education teachers.Suggestion:Focus on the generation and development of PCK to cultivate talents.Specific measures include: To enhance the pre-service physical education teachers’ understanding of special sports both in and out of class;To enhance the pre-service physical education teachers’ understanding of PCK by combining skill courses and subject courses;To develop pre-service physical education teachers PCK by combining external representation training and teaching practice;Integrate the structure-oriented teaching concept into the teaching of related courses... |
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