Research On The Supply Of Rural Stratified And Classified Elderly Care Services

As the new urbanization strategy continues to advance,the number of elderly people left behind and empty nesters in rural areas in China has been increasing.For a long time,the lagging construction of rural social security system and the orientation of "emphasizing economy rather than service" have brought many problems to the construction of rural elderly service system,and the lack of total supply of rural elderly service,mismatch of supply and demand,and imperfect service facilities have become the obvious shortcomings and weaknesses of China’s social security construction process.Building a scientific and efficient elderly service supply system to meet the diversified elderly service needs of rural elderly is the key to comprehensively cope with population aging,and it is also an inevitable choice to implement the rural revitalization strategy and achieve common prosperity.Following the logic of researching,analyzing and solving problems,this paper focuses on the topic of "how to improve the coupling of supply and demand of rural elderly services through tiered classification",and specifically investigates the following questions: What is tiered classification of elderly services? Why do we need to adopt a tiered and categorized approach to the supply of senior care services? From the perspective of stratified classification,what are the needs of rural elderly people for senior care services? What is the current situation of rural elderly service supply? What are the problems of rural elderly service supply and demand? How to build a tiered and classified elderly service supply system? To this end,this paper adopts literature research,empirical and normative analysis,quantitative analysis and interviews to try to construct a stratified and classified rural elderly service supply system to respond to the above questions.In the content of the demand for elderly services in rural areas,there are two forms of "needs" and "wants","needs" is based on reality and reflects Need" is based on the reality and reflects the characteristic of"dependence",while "want" is beyond "need" and shows the characteristic of "expectation".With the completion of poverty eradication and the continuous promotion of rural revitalization strategy,rural elderly people have been removed from absolute poverty,and their needs and wants for elderly services are gradually diversified.This paper firstly combines ERG demand theory and social stratification theory,and proposes the concept of "stratification and classification" in rural elderly service supply.Secondly,through existing interpretations and real-life interviews,we sort out the content of rural elderly people’s elderly service demands and categorize them into three project layers,11 factor layers and 31 element layers,including life care,medical care and spiritual culture,and determine the proportion of rural elderly people’s elderly service demands of different ages,health and income levels and their influencing factors.By drawing a line diagram of Better-Worse coefficient,the 31 needs for elderly services were classified into four categories: essential attributes(M),expected attributes(O),attractive attributes(A)and undifferentiated attributes(I),and the demand satisfaction status was explored from the perspectives of "need" and"want".From the perspective of "needs" and "wants",the dynamic relationship between changes in need satisfaction status and life satisfaction of rural elderly was explored.Finally,using the mean value of Better and Worse coefficients as the dynamic threshold,a quartile diagram is introduced to clarify the "dependence" and "expectation" of elderly services for rural elderly with different characteristics,and to grasp the needs of elderly services for rural elderly from the mathematical perspective.The content and priority ranking of elderly services in rural areas.The supply of old-age service in rural areas in China is characterized by gradual stratification of objects,gradual classification of contents,gradual diversification of subjects and gradual variety of methods,and its supply history is roughly divided into family and collective joint responsibility for supply(1949-1977),family alone responsibility for supply(1978-1999),social old-age service supply system at the beginning(2000-1999),and social old-age service supply system at the beginning(2000-1999).The history of its supply is roughly divided into four stages: families and collectives share the responsibility of supply(1949-1977),families alone assume the responsibility of supply(1978-1999),social elderly care service supply system is first created(2000-2011),and integration innovation and quality development(2012-present).Based on the perspective of stratification and classification,this paper analyzes macro statistical data and micro survey data with demand satisfaction as the starting point,grasps the supply level and utilization status of rural elderly service hardware facilities,explores the supply coverage rate,service participation rate,supply satisfaction and comprehensive satisfaction of rural elderly service,and establishes the evaluation index system of rural elderly service supply to evaluate the current status of rural elderly service supply.The study shows that the weak foundation of aging work in rural areas of China,the outstanding contradictions in the structure of elderly service supply,and the difficulties in the transformation of elderly service supply system have led to the homogeneous content of rural elderly service supply,the divergent supply bodies,the single mode of supply,and the uneven supply and demand of medical care.The construction of a tiered and classified elderly service supply system is a scientific choice based on the current situation of rural economic and social development and the differences in the needs of the elderly.In the theoretical construction,it is believed that the rural elderly service supply system should be based on the premise of characteristic stratification,the means of supply classification and the direction of coordination and coupling,and coordinate the elements of system,management,content,form,economy,technology and culture to build the framework of action,main body and content of rural elderly service supply.In the realistic path,it is considered that rural elderly service supply should adhere to the principles of demand-oriented,governmentled,extensive participation and steady advancement,and provide fullcoverage,multi-level,multi-category,multi-subject and multi-modality rural elderly services to meet the needs of the elderly by uniting supplying subjects,optimizing supplying methods,innovating supplying forms and enhancing supplying empowerment.The design of rural elderly service supply system is a topic of both theoretical significance and contemporary value.Based on the perspective of stratification and classification,this paper focuses on the real problem of rural elderly service supply,organically combines the characteristics of the elderly stratification and demand classification,proposes the concept of "stratification and classification",points out the problems and causes of the current rural elderly service supply through the analysis of rural elderly service supply and demand,and discusses the framework setting and practice of rural stratified and classified elderly service supply system.The concept of "tiered classification" is proposed.The establishment of this system can target the limited rural elderly service resources to the most needy elderly groups,which is of positive significance in solving the problems of rural elderly service supply,optimizing the rural elderly service supply system and meeting the real needs of rural elderly.