| The tourism industry plays an important role in the economic growth and development plans in many regions,as the tourism supply chain provides a source of livelihood for hundreds of millions of people,it is an important new field for promoting common prosperity,as well as a powerful supporting force for people’s well-being and social stability.However,in recent years,various crisis events occur frequently,leading uncertainty and complexity have increasingly become the new normal of the current and future environment.Due to the diverse and extensive industry groups involved in tourism,the tourism industry often becomes the most severely affected industry by sudden public crises.Unfortunately,crises,especially sudden public health crises,have not been fully studied in the tourism academic community.Moreover,in the modern context where crises have become increasingly sudden,traditional risk management relying on risk identification and statistical information has lost its advantage or become ineffective.Therefore,the theoretical community urgently needs a new paradigm to guide the tourism supply chain cope with the serious disruptions and significant damage caused by an increasing number of crisis events,and further explore the practical path for China’s tourism industry to move towards high-quality development.The resilience research based on the supply chain perspective is increasingly recognized by scholars as it is very useful and necessary for resisting crises,and has become a new research direction in tourism crisis research.The tourism supply chain resilience is considered as a core strategic ability to continuously predict and adjust the tourism organization mechanism in the face of sudden changes to maintain the profitability potential of enterprises,enabling chain members to predict,adapt,respond,and successfully recover from unpredictable events or realize organizational migration and evolution.Building a resilient tourism supply chain is no longer only related to the supply order of raw materials,production,inventory,and distribution in the tourism industry,but also involves the survival of large-scale tourism enterprises in the supply chain under huge crisis environment,as well as the reconstruction and innovative development of the tourism industry.It is also related to people’s livelihood and happiness and consumption improvement,and has been promoted to a new height that affecting to regional competitiveness and even national economic security and prosperity by the international and domestic dual circulation background,becoming a new research direction in the tourism industry.Given the above considerations,this research is committed to studying the realization of tourism supply chain resilience in the face of sudden public health crises.The core purpose is to seek ways for the survival,recovery,and innovation of tourism supply chain,especially the enterprises as the core of the supply chain,from the perspective of supply chain resilience.Propose the following research questions:Firstly,what kind of impact will a sudden public health crisis bring to the tourism supply chain? What is the resilience state and how does the tourism supply chain perform? Secondly,what factors may affect the resilience of the tourism supply chain?Thirdly,what are the configuration effects of these influencing factors,especially,what are the configuration paths to achieving a high resilience tourism supply chains?Fourthly,how to construct a tourism supply chain resilience management theory to better guide future crisis response?Following the approach of “Question raising-Status presentation--Antecedent induction-Configuration analysis-Theoretical construction-Summary and outlook”,this research based on theoretical foundations such as resource-based theory,dynamic capability theory,complex systems theory,crisis management theory,and supply chain resilience theory,using a mixed research method combining qualitative and quantitative methods,such as case study,grounded analysis,and configuration analysis,study on the resilience management issues of tourism supply chain under sudden public health crises,came to main conclusions as the following:(1)Under the crisis environment,the vulnerability and resilience of the tourism supply chain coexist and gradually evolve.On the one hand,the continuous fluctuation of the uncertain environment has completely exposed the vulnerability of the tourism supply chain.On the other hand,in ordering to maintain survival,the resilience potential of the tourism supply chain is stimulated.Under the temporal process window of the crisis lifecycle,this research characterizes specific crisis events,analyzes the resilience and vulnerability of the tourism supply chain,explores the reasons and mechanisms of TSC resilience under crises,and reveals the trend of resilience changes in the tourism supply chain structure,pointed out that the TSC has undergone adaptive changes and reshaping.(2)The tourism supply chain resilience is co-driven by a tripartite mechanism of "resource-capability-environment".It is mainly influenced by seven factors under the dimensions of resource,capability,and environment,namely tangible resources,intangible resources,response ability,adaptation ability,recovery ability,crisis environment,and policy environment.This research constructed a ternary fusion driven model,analyzed the mechanism paths of crisis response in three dimensions and the mechanisms of each element,and compared the similarities and differences of the influencing factors of supply chain resilience between the tourism industry and the manufacturing industry.(3)The effect mechanism of the tourism supply chain resilience is a complex configuration of multiple conditional factors that collaborate and coexist,and dynamically interact.The synergistic effect of 7 antecedent conditions can achieve high or not-high tourism supply chain resilience through a configuration of "All roads lead to Rome".There are 6 configuration paths to achieve high tourism supply chain resilience,and 5 configuration paths of not-high tourism supply chain resilience,by comparison,it is confirmed that there is an asymmetric relationship between the configuration paths of high tourism supply chain resilience and not-high tourism supply chain resilience.The analysis also found that in the crisis environment,there is a certain degree of substitution relationship between resources and capabilities,but the more is,it stimulated the concurrent synergistic effect.(4)On the basis of the above research,a management theory dedicated to evaluating and enhancing the resilience of tourism supply chains was constructed.A comprehensive indicator evaluation system was established,an action framework of "stage-strategy-tactics" under the dimensions of resources,capabilities,and environment was proposed.Furthermore,it pointed out some resilience enhancing models for the tourism supply chain after crises.This research adopts the new paradigm of supply chain resilience to comprehensively study the resilience of tourism supply chain under crisis.It systematically completes an entire closed loop of starting from realistic problems,revealing objective laws of problems,and constructing theories to guide practice.It is a new exploration of the research context of tourism supply chain resilience,providing incremental value for the knowledge system of tourism supply chain resilience.This research responds to the call of the domestic and foreign management scholars to advocate problem-driven and phenomenal-driven research in recent years,and aligns with the frontier argument of studying tourism crisis management from a holistic perspective based on complexity and configuration theory,helping to bridge the gap between management theory and practice. |
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