The Study On Methods Of Quality Factor Extraction And Compensation For The Attenuation Based On It

With development of the application of seismic wave attenuation theory in oil and gas exploration, the layer absorption parameters have gradually been accepted as effective seismic attributes, which play a more and more important role in reservoir prediction and medium physical attributes inversion. Among these absorption parameters, quality factor is the most common one used to demonstrate the medium inherent attribute. It can predict lithology, location and range of oil and gas reservoirs, as well as provide a significant basis for the estimation and compensation of the seismic wave energy absorption in underground medium. Therefore, the quality factor extraction and its application are of great importance in seismic processing and interpretation.First of all, seismic wave propagation of viscoelastic medium were simulated in this thesis based on the viscoelastic medium theory, using the staggered-grid high-order finite difference method. From different aspects, we analyzed seismic wave characteristics and changes of seismic waves affected by earth layer absorption. By increasing the corresponding seismic data processing procedures, the traditional algorithm of quality factor calculating can be improved. Secondly, in order to obtain the precise corresponding relationship between seismic frequency, energy and Q value in the time-frequency domain, we choose different advanced time-frequency analysis technologies, comparing their absorption sections. In addition, on the basis of front numerical simulation, we also do exploratory study of Q extraction method based on nonlinear inversion theory.The energy compensation to seismic data based on Q value is the most important application in seismic exploration process. On the premise of methods improvement of quality factor calculation, we mainly studies attenuation compensation in the pre-stack CMP gathers record, and the stratigraphic absorption compensation in the time-frequency domain. Finally, the research methods and models were tested and applied to the real seismic data. The results show that these improved quality factor calculation and compensation methods discussed in this paper are feasible and effective.