Studies On The Biological Characteristics Of Triploid Crucian Carp And Triploid Common Carp

The biological characteristics of Triploid crucian carp and Triploid common carp have been studied detailedly by various methods on a basis of physiological ecology .The results are summarized as follows:1.The ordinary regulations and anatomy were choosed to study their morphological features. The results of Triploid crucian carp are as follows:(1)D. 3, 17-20 ; A. 3, 6 ; P. 1,14 ; V. 1, 8 . Scales formula in lateral line is 29-326/(6-v). The number of its gill rakers is 50-52. Its pharyngeal tooth formula is 1 row, 4-4, shovel-shaped. (D The ratio of body length to body height is 2.79±0.38 ;The ratio of body length to head length is 3. 75±0. 25 ;The ratio of body length to caudal pe-duncel length is 5. 59±0. 33 ;The ratio of head length to snout length is 3. 68 ± 0. 46 ;The ratio of head length to head height is 1.24 ±0.11 ;The ratio of caudal peduncel length to caudal peduncel height is 1.23 ±0.11 . The results of Triploid common carp are as follows:(1)D. 3,17-19; A. 3, 6 ; P. 1,13 - 14 ; V. 1, 7 - 8 . Scales formula in lateral line is 32 - 34. Thenumber of its gill rakers is 31 - 32. Its pharyngeal tooth formula is 2 row, 2,4-4,2 , molariform-like. (2) The ratio of body length to body height is 3. 09 ± 0.17 ;The ratio of body length to head length is 3. 71 ±0.19 ; The ratio of body length to caudal peduncel length is 5.70 ± 0.69 ; The ratio of head length to snout length is 3.03 ± 0.36 ; The ratio of head length to head height is 1.27 ± 0. 08 ; The ratio of caudal peduncel length to qaudal peduncel height is 1.22 ±0.17.2.The method of chromosome technique of kidney cell was selected to study the numbers of their chromosomes. The result demonstrates that the number of their chromosomes is 150 (3N=150), namely,that both of them are triploidy fishes.3.The methods of biochemical assays were applied to study their nutrients and their amino acid contents of muscles. The results are as follows: The content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash of the wet muscle in Triploid crucian caro (Triploid conim carp) is 77.82(77.1)%, 18.58(17.7)%, 2.76 (3.10)%, 0.99(1.17)% respectively. The 17 amino acids, which t are 760.29 (705. 01)mg/g in total weight and in which the content of Essential Amino Acid is 259. 83(208. 67)mg/g, are included in the dry muscles in Triploid crucian carp (Triploid common carp).4. The method of the gradient gel electrophoresis on poly-acrylamide was applied to study the lactate dehydrogenase(LDII) and esterase(EST) of their five tissues ( hepato-pancreas, mussle, heart, kidney, spleen ) under different months. The results are as follows: (1)19(18) thin bands were checked outtotally in five tissues' LDH phenotypes and 8(10) bands were checked out totally in fives tissues' EST phenotypes in Trip-loid crucian carp(Triploid common carp); (2) because of no changing in five tissues in different months, the electropho-reticgrams were not influenced by the season or water temperature; and (3)two isozymes exhibited a tissue-specific expression apparently.The relation of the electrophoreticgrams and the isozymes' loci has been discussed. The author realizes that the allogenic allelic gene-or allelic variation should exist in most of the loci in them. The zonation of the electropho-reticgrams was preliminarily tried.5. The methods of anatomizing the related organs of feeding habit, analyzing the diet composition in their oesophagus, and analyzing the plankton composition in the sample pools were applied to study their feeding habits . The conclusions are as follows: ㏕here are three types of food in Triploid crucian carp: detritus, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. The frequency of occurrence in the former two is high. This claims that its feeding habit is omnivore with inclination to eating plankton. (DThe formula of its shovel-shaped pharyngeal teeth is 1 row, 4-4. The number of its gillrakers is 50-52. The ratio of intestine length to body length is 4.2-4.8 , averaged 4.5 . This demonstrates that Triploid crucian carp is capable of filtering plankton. ㏕he non-s...