The Study Of Six Crickets From Jilin Province Based On The Theory Of Cytology And Genetics

Taxonomy is a subject to differentiate species and explore their genetic relationships and clarify natural system of Biology. Cytotaxonomy is the important branch of taxonomy,it uses cytology knowledge, especially the characteristics of chromosomes to classify species, and promotes the development of classic taxonomy. Chromosomes are the carriers of hereditary material, and they carry the important information of specific heredity and variation that accumulated in the long evolution process. The chromosomal number, size, behavior and banding pattern embody the special status of species, so they provide useful evidences for taxonomy.In this paper, the chromosomal karyotypes and C-banding patterns (heterochromatin distributing) of six Grylloidea species from Jilin province have been studied. The results show that they belong to three genera of two families. Squashing and BSG method were used in the preparation of slides for microscopy examination. The cells in metaphase were selected for cutting, pasting, analyzing and drawing, and the relational data were analyzed by EXCEL and SPSS. At the same time, the author drew the following several conclusions by comparing, analyzing and discussing.Firstly, Teleogryllus occipitalis, Teleogryllus emma and Teleogryllus derelictus belong to same genus and have common characters in cytology. The chromosomal number is 2n (♂) =27. Sex determining mechanisms belong to XX♀/ X0♂. Their characters are consistent with the result of the genus Teleogryllus studied by other scholars. However, we found they are more similar between T. occipitalis and T. emma than T. derelictus by calculating and analysis.Secondly, the chromosomal number of Gryllodes supplicans and Gryllodes sigillatus is 2n (♂) =21. Sex determining mechanisms belong to XX♀/ X0♂. These two species are similar in the level of cytology.Thirdly, the chromosomal number of Oecanthus longicauda is 2n (♂) =19. Sex determining mechanisms belong to XX♀/ X0♂. All chromosomes are telocentric. Fourthly, according to the study of this paper and other studies, the chromosomal number of the genus Teleogryllus is 2n (♂) =27, 25, and the genus Gryllodes is 2n (♂) =21, 19. They all belong to the family Gryllidae. Therefore, it is in line with the results of morphological classification.Fifthly, the chromosome number of O. longicauda and G. supplicans, G. sigillatus, T. occipitalis, T. emma, T. derelictus are different. Gryllidae is the biggest family of Gryllidea .The range of chromosomes of Gryllidae is 2n(♂)=11～29. 2n(♂)=9, 11, 21 are...