Application Of GPS Technique In Geologic Exploration

GPS is another significant American scientific and technical achievement in 20th century since the Apollo moon landing project and the aerospace craft plan. In recent years, the national mineral resource situation is unoptimistic and the geologic exploration profession is exceptionally hot. As a result, the rising of the geologic exploration market places a higher request on the efficiency of geological investigation. Thus the modern survey method, which focuses on GPS survey, is now gradually occupying a leading position.This article has summarized the system constitution, the survey characteristic, the satellite signal, the observation error origin the global positioning system (GPS), as well as other elementary knowledge concerning with the positioning. It focuses on the GPS absolute positioning, the GPS static relative positioning, the GPS RTK basic principle as well as their application in the small scope geologic investigation survey. For some concrete problems which appear in the geological investigation surveying work, I have consulted massive books, specialized periodical and essays related to GPS positioning principle and the application. Through research of a year and a half, combined with the massive observed data I grasped in the open country, and my abundant data processing experience, I proposed my own unique viewpoints on the application of GPS positioning technology in geological investigation survey.My conclusions mainly include: ① To point out what coordinates system should be used in the geological investigation operation area for the determination of prospecting boundary and the mining boundary through the ground measured distance length projection distortion analysis. ② To point out the optimization processing method for various substandard baseline in the first solving of the GPS relative positioning, which avoid the open country doing over phenomenon occurrence. ③ In the GPS relative positioning, when the WGS-84 adjustment coordinates to be measured is transformed to area place independent coordinate system, different adjustment method should be used according to different situations; ④ The most efficient method used to solves the coordinates system transformation parameter in GPS RTK work is the WGS-84 adjustment coordinates which comes from the static GPS relative localization in the non-restraint adjustment. ⑤ The GPS leveling may achieve four and so on the leveling precisions or the substandard leveling precision in the small scope geologic investigation scope.