| Estrogen, which has important effect to the mammalian genital system and endocrinium, is one of the chief endo-gonadal hormones. It is very important to regulate the development of ovary and follicles maturity for female mammal. With estrogen receptor(estrogen receptor,ER), estrogen can form homodimer or heterodimer, and when the dimmers are phosphorylated, they activate the promoter of estrogen sensitive genes, which are related with nucleus regulation, then they bring into biological effect. ER belongs to nuclear receptor superfamily, including estrogen receptor alpha(ERα)and estrogen receptor Beta(ERβ). Their expression show tissue specificity, both of them express in mouse ovary, but the expression and physiological functions are different between them.Recentlly experiments showed that, ovaries from rodents and human, the transcription level and protein expression quantity of ERβare both more higher than that of ERα. In ERβgene knocked out mouse, the function of ovaries are basic normal, the ovarian follicle can grow to antral follicles, but the frequency and amount of ovulation were obviously decreased. These showed the necessity of ERβto keep the physiological function of ovary. But present studys on expression and distribution of ERβin mammalian genital system is very few, especially this of p- ERβ, which is the activation form of ERβ. Therefore it is necessary to research the expression and distribution of ERβan p-ERβwith the experimental model of the mouse ovaries during oestrous cycle and early gestational period, discuss the relationship between the two active conditions of the molecule and function performing in ovary. This study can offer theory and experiment evidences to the research of ERs action mechanism in ovary, and it could make people know ERβand p-ERβfurther. Moreover, there is some correlation between ERβand ovarian cancer, studies show that the expression of ERβin ovarian tumor are less than that in normal ovary. So the study can offer evidence to prevent, diagnose and treat the tumor of ovaries.In this experiment, the object was ovaries from adult mouse, we use western blot technique and immuno-histochemistry method to study and research expression and distribution changes of ERβand p-ERβduring oestrous cycle and early gestational period (1~11d).The experimental result indicated that:1. The results during oestrous cycle of western blot showed that in mouse ovary ERβand p-ERβwere highly expressed at oestrus, but there was no significant deviation at other periods. 2. In early gestational period, it can been seen from the results of western blot that expression of ERβin mouse ovary was almost the same in 1 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d, 10 d, 11 d; while expression of p-ERβwas a little different in 1 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d. But from 7 d, p-ERβexpression was increasing, and then it kept on stabile level to 9 d, 10 d, 11 d.3. During the oestrous cycle, results of immuno-histochemistry indicated that ERβexpression was increased in cytoplasm of ovocyte and granular cell while ovarian follicles growing, but there was no ERβdistributed in oocyte nuclei; and it decreased while the corepus luteum was degenerating; p-ERβexpressed similarly to ERβin the other parts, besides it expressed great in oocyte nuclei.4. In early gestational period, results of immuno-histochemistry indicated that ERβexpression had no obvious change in corepus luteum and p-ERβexpression in corepus luteum this period was same as ERβ, but it was increasing.All results above indicated that:The expression of ERβand p-ERβin mouse ovary at oestrous cycle and in early gestational period changed regularly, it showed that ERβand p-ERβhad important effects to ovaries development, ovarian follicles groth, oocyte maturation and form corepus luteum in female mouse ovary during oestrous cycle and in early gestational period.
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