Study On Classification Of Cerambycinae From China Based On Hind Wing And Genitalia

Cerambycinae is the second largest subfamily of the family Cerambycidae of Coloptera. Many species are serious pests in agriculture and forestry. The external morphology of this subfamily has been widely studied, but hind wing venation and genital features have not been yet applied to the subfamily taxonomic system of research.In this paper, the author under the suggestion and guidance from his advisor, Prof. L. Chen, carried out a project on a revisional study of the hind wing and genitalia on the Cerambycinae of China.Hind wing venationWe used Kukalova-peck et Lowrence (1993,2004) of the hind wing venation naming system of the Polyphaga of Coleoptera to describe 141 species belonging to 70 genera of 17 tribes of Cerambycinae of China.Results of comparative study showed that hind wing venation features of Cerambycinae was different from other subfamily of Cerambycidae, Which is the same as the results of Saalas (1936) study-hind wing veins in line at the subfamily level differences were significant. According to the analysis of 141 species of 70 genera of 17 tribes, the differentiation can be separated into three basic types:(1) basal veins converging and basal veins embranchment type:2 branches in MCuF and basal vein embranching, ossification of clear and basal veins of main branch. E.g. Methiini Thomson, 1860; Cerambycini Mulsant,1839; Hesperophanini Mulsant,1839. (2) Decrease in the number vein type:1 branch of venation in MCuF, some taxa of the veins disappear, wings generally simpler. E.g. Clytini Mulsant,1839, Callichromini Thomson,1860, Purpuricenini Fairmaire,1864. (3) veins fade type:1 branch in MCuF and some veins degradation, ossification weak. E.g. Tillomorphini, Cleomenini. Pyrestini is transitional type between (1) and (2). However some characters of Methini are similar to that of Lepturinae, e.g. Oplatocera have developed RP which was the primitive character. Oplatocera was the most primitive type of Cerambycinae to the research of Linsley (1961). According to the research of fossil insects, the general evolutionary tendency of the types can be arranged in following order from 1 to 2.This reseach found that some families appeared different in family-level characteristics from other similar taxa. For example, the number of veins in AF, there were multiple changes in the Clytini and Callichromini, and RP, absent, or present, is different among Clytini, Callichromini and Cerambycini. This not only showed the features of hind wing venations existed at sub-family of taxonomic significance, but also illustrated the hind wing venation based on only drawn from the analysis of the classification system with the external morphology classification system derived from different. Through a comparative study, hind wing venation features, in the case of general-level, have the more obvious taxonomic significance. Some differences in species-level, though, were not enough for all types of search. Yet, with external features, we can make identification of similar species difficult to distinguish.Four kinds of mathematical morphology (L1/L2,α, length/width of hind wing, length/length of the longest venation) were used in paper to verify whether the taxonomic significance of numerical morphological features of some groups of Cerambycinae existed or not. Length/longest showed obvious difference in species-level. Angleαin the conspecies that have a certain degree of stabilization.We foundΥ3, is important in the genus classification and species classification, but this character has different modes in 15 beetles of Chlorophorus annularis (Fairmaire),12 absent, present. This result showed r3 cannot be used only in the identification of Chlorophorus annularis (Fairmaire) because of the variation of r3 Therefore we remain this character in the genus classification and species classification.male genitaliaA research of comparative anatomical was studied of male genitlia of 81 species of 45 genera in 13 tribes of Cerambycinae of China,24 species of which were taken photos. The result showed that the features of male genitalia which were simple ossified strongly. The comparative observation showed there were many differences in lateral lobes, different from other taxa. This is the same conclusion of Lasse Hubweber et Michael Schmitt (2010). Surrounded by ringed part and horizontal turning point in some species have a certain difference between them. Some species existed within the stem-loop material, and the shape, of varying lengths. This paper discussed the classification significance of the characteristics of male genitalia in Cerambycinae, just in generus-level and species-level.female genitalThere was a comparative anatomical study of famale genitlia of 93 species of 43 genera in 13 tribes of Cerambycinae of China,26 species of which was taken photos. The result showed that the end of the bursa copulatrix of Cerambycinae was more swollen and overall was segmented, different from other taxa. This paper discussed the classification significance of the characteristics of male genitalia in Cerambycinae. The characters were the length and extend position of dorsal baculum. paraproct baculum, valvifer baculum, proctiger baculum, link or not, the shape of the end of paraproct baculum the length of valvifer baculum and spermatheca bending. The location of spermathecal duct and vagina plate were very important to taxonomy.There were variations in female organs among Aphrodisium faldermannii (Saunders), Aphrodisium faldermannii obscurithorax (Pic) and Aphrodisium faldermannii rufiventris Gressitt, but more information was needed to classify the three subspecies as the same species taxa. The characters of female genital organs of Aphrodisium provosti (Fairmaire) were different from the ones of female genital organs of others of Aphrodisium.The present study showed that the features of hind wing venation and male and female genitalia will greatly improve the accuracy of taxonomy.