| Staphylinidae is one of the largest families in Coleoptera, they occupy a wide variety of habitats and have a wide range of food-habits. They are essentially carnivorous (insect feeder), but some groups have become evolved as mycophagous, coprophagous, carpophagous, pollinophagous and so on. Some species have adapted to a parasitism of mammals. Their prosperity is inevitably causing direct interaction between them and mankind.The subfamily Scaphidiinae is a member of the Oxyteline Group of Staphylinidae (Lawrence and Newton 1982). Scaphidium is one of the largest genera of the tribe Scaphidiini in the subfamily Scaphidinae. It was established by Olivier in 1790 and then designated Scaphidium quadrimaculatum as the type species for the genus. Up to the present 326 species of the genus have been known from the world. They are mainly distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Neotropic Region. There are 41 species known in China, of which 33 in the Mainland, 14 in Taiwan and 6 in both Mainland and Taiwan.In China, however, taxonomic study on this genus is relatively behind and only some of scholars separately studied on this field. Up to the present, systematic works concerning Chinese has not been made, 95 percent of the Chinese known species were described by foreign scholars and the type specimens were deposited in foreign countries. For these reasons, it became difficulty for us to study Chinese Sacaphidium fauna.As a part of Chinese Scaphdium fauna, this study was based on the examinations many species, which were collected from Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Anhui province area and so on. The results of the research are summarized as follows:In the present paper, 27 Chinese species of the genus were recognized. All the species were described in detail, and their sexual characters were illustrated. The color photos for every species were also provided. The history review, collecting techniques, and major diagnostic characters of the genus were discussed.The keys to Scaphidium species of the China were presented.A catalog of the genus Scaphidium of the world was given.A database of all the known species of the genus Scaphidium in the world was built. 1. Scaphidium arcuatum sp. nov.Body Length: 5.9 mmThis species is similar to S. lunare, but can be distinguished by wider subbasal and subapical fascia; punctation on pronotum and elytra eatremely fine and sparse in this species, while fine but dense in S. lunare.Holotype♀,Xixiangchi, Mt. E'mei, Leshan City, Sichuan Prov., 3-VIII-2006, LIU Jing-Ting leg.2. Scaphidium iunctum sp. nov.Body length: 6.5 mmThis species is similar to S. yunnanum, but can be distinguished by its huge subbasal fascia and connect subbasal and subapical fascia.Holotype♀,Datang, Jietou Village, Tengchong County, Yunnan Prov., 2010m, 20-V-2006, HUANG Hao leg.3. Scaphidium liuyei sp. nov.Body length: 4.9 mmThis species is similar to S. biwenxuani, but can be distinguished from following points: 1. pronotum with black fascia in this species, while in S. biwenxuani, pronotum with two oval spots; elytra fascia pattern is similar to each other, but the shape is quite different; 2. punctation is extremely fine, without puncture row in this species, while in S. biwenxuani, punctation fine, elytral with three puncture rows; 3. antennal segments 1-6 brown, 7-10 dark brown, segment 11 extremely light brownish in this species; while in S. biwenxuani, antennal segments 1-6 dark brown, 7-10 black, segment 11 obviously lighter than former segments; 4. legs uniformly ocherous in this species, while in S. biwenxuani, femora and tibiae dark brown, tarsi light brown.Holotype:♂, Lianhuaping, Mt. Leigong, Leishan County, Guizhou Prov., 5-IX-2005, LIU Ye leg.4. Scaphidium maculatum sp. nov.Body length: 4.6 mmThis species can be easily distinguished from the ohter Chinese species from its small size and unique pattern on pronotum and elytra. Elytra with three puncture rows.Holotype:♀, Pingchang, Mt. Xuefeng, Hunan Prov., 1000m, 10-V-1982, CHEN Lin leg.5. Scaphidium mengdingshanense sp. nov.Body length: 5.9 mmThis species is similar to S. yasumatsui Shirozu & Morimoto, but can be distinguished from following points: 1. fascia on elytra yellowish in this species, while in S. yasumatsui, fascia on elytra reddish; 2. antennal segments 1-6 brown, club black, while in S. yasumatsui, antennal segments reddish brown; 3. male profemora expanded at anterior median portion, forming angle at widest portion, following by ridge; protibiae sinuate, gradually expanded from middle towards apical portion, angulate at widest portion, narrowed towards apex; while in S. yasumatsui, profemora without distinct sexual characters, protibiae with hook-like pattern; 4. metafemora without obvious sexual character in this species, while in S. yasumatsui, with two expandedortions and angulate at widest portions.Holotype:♂, Mt. Mengding, Mingshan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Prov., 1465m, 1-VIII-2007, BI Wen-Xuan leg. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.6. Scaphidium parvulum sp. nov.Body length: 3.4 mmThis species can be distinguished from the other Chinese species (exdluding S. maculatum sp. nov.) by its unique coloration and puncture row elytra. It differs fron S. maculatum sp. nov. by following points: 1. pronotum ocherous, without fascia or spot in this species, while in S. maculatum sp. nov. pronotum reddish brown, with a couple of oval black spot; 2. elytra without puncture row in this species, while in S. maculatum sp. nov., elytra with 3 puncture row.Holotype:♀, Mt. Wuling, Wuli County, Qianjiang District, Chongqing City, 1480m, 17~18-V-2007, ZHANG Wei-Wei leg.7. Scaphidium puteulanum sp. nov.Body length: 4.2 mmThis species body black. Head, pronotum, elytra, femora, tibiae and abdominal segments with blue luster. It resembles S. cyanellum Oberthür, S. jizuense L?bl, S. kubani L?bl, S. violaceipenne Pic, but in this species, its prohypomera very finely and sparsely punctate and inner 2/3 portion of prohypomera and additionally, with wrinkled microsculpture, which is quite differnt from other species with luster in the world.Holotype:♀, Chongqing City: East Daba-Shan, lower Huang'an-Gou, Chengkou County, alt. 2039m, 31.51.227°N, 109.07.174°E, alt. 2039m, HUANG Hao & XU Wang leg. 8. Scaphidium rufopectum sp. nov.Body length: 5.8mmThis species is unique by its coloration, including red pronotum, prohypomera and sternite I-IV red, mesepisterna black, as well as its huge subbasal and subapical fascia, which can be distinguished from the other Chinese species.Holotype:♀, Baoshan-Tengchong, Yunnan prov., 2440m, 15-X-2005, HUANG Hao leg.
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