Systematic Study On Subfamilies Nemobiinae And Trigonidiinae From China (Orthoptera, Gryllidea)

The subfamilies Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae belong to Gryllidae, Grylloidea, Orthoptera, Insecta. There are about 4000 species in Grylloidea worldwide and about 200 species from China.This thesis deals with the taxonomic studies of the subfamilies Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae from China. There are 54 species belong to 14 genera or subgenera of these two subfamilies from China, the keys to subfamilies, genera and species are given; the cladograms of genera in the 2 subfamilies are established respectively by cladistics with the Phylip software and their relationship is discussed; the distribution of these species in world and in China is analysed; songs of 16 species in 7 genera are recorded, time and frequency characteristics are analysed, the keys with songs characteristics to the species are given.1. Morphological taxonomy of Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae from ChinaMorphological terminology is adopted mainly from "Synopsis on the Classification of Grylloidea and Gryllotalpoidea from China" edited by Yin and Liu, 1995. All species are dry materials. Male genitirials are dissected with the stereomicroscope Totic SMZ-140. The morphological features are drawn on the draft and are decorated by the Illustrator software.There are 291 species,51 genera in the Nemobiinae and 624 species,47 genera in theTrigonidiinae, including 5 fossil species,3 fossil genera on the world. In this thesis,22species,6 genera in Nemobiinae and 33 species,10 genera or subgenera are reported from China, including 12 new species,2 new record genera from China,1 new record species from China,4 new combinations,1 species recover,1 speices synonym. Each subfamily, genus and species is described and the keys are given. The literature citation, synonym, specimen information and distribution are indicated.12 new species:Polionemobius annulicornis sp. nov., Homonemobius nigrus sp. nov., Pteronemobius yunnanicus sp. nov., Metiochodes tibeticus sp. nov., Metiochodes truncatus sp. nov., Metiochodes acutiparamerus sp. nov., Metiochodes minor sp. nov., Amusurgus (Paranaxipha) hainanensis sp. nov., Amusurgus (Amusurgus) bispinosus sp. nov., Svistella tympanalis sp. nov., Svistella fallax sp. nov., Svistella anhuiensis sp. nov.2 new record genera from China:Speonemobius Chopard,1924 and Homonemobius Chopard,1935.1 new record species from China:Paratrigonidium fuscocinctum Chopard, 1925.1 species recover:Amusurgus (Amusurgus) fulvus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893.1 species synonym:Amusurgus lateralis Chopard,1969.4 new combinations:Polionemobius pilicornis (Chopard,1969), Polionemobius nigrescens (Shiraki,1913), Svistella venustula (Saussure 1878), Svistella dubia (Liu & Yin,1993).The type specimens of the new species and all specimens are deposited in the following institutes:Biological History Museum of East China Normal University (HSNU), Shanghai Entomological Museum (IEAS) and Shanghai Normal University (SHNUC).2. Cladistic about Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae from ChinaThe cladistical trees are established by Phylip-3.69 software and analysed by "pars" order.26 characters of 6 genera in the Nemobiinae and 8 genera in the Trigonidiinae are selected to set up the trees. The results were as follow:(1) 6 genera in Nemobiinae are divided into 2 clades. Genera Pteronemobius, Polionemobius, Dianemobius are grouped as 1 clade, and the later two genera are closer; genera Speonemobius, Marinemobius, Homonemobius are grouped as 1 clade, and the later two genera are closer. The species in the first clade have the tympan while the ones in another clade have no tympan. (2) 8 genera in Trigonidiinae are devided into 2 clades. Genera Metioche, Trigonidium, Amusurgus, Metiochodes were grouped as one clade, Trigonidium and Metioche are closer, Amusurgus and Metiochodes are closer; genera Paratrigonidium, Homoeoxipha, Natula and Svistella were grouped as one clade, Paratrigonidium and Homoeoxipha are closer, Natula and Svistella are closer. The species in the first clade have no tympan while the ones in another clade have the tympan. Then 2 species are selected in each genus (1 species if insuffient) to established two cladistical trees by 32 characters. The results are similar to the cladistic trees of genera menthoned above.3. Biogeography about Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae from ChinaThe results about biogeography of the two subfamilies from China are as follow: Nemobiinae species are distributed all over the world and Trigonidiinae species are mainly distributed in the tropics; In China, Nemobiinae species are over the whole country, mainly in Middle China, South China and South-West China. Trigonidiinae species are mostly in these three areas above only.4. Taxonomy by songs about common species in Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae from ChinaSongs of 8 species,3 genera in Nemobiinae and of 8 species,4 genera in Trigonidiinae are described. Canon G9 are used to record the cricket songs which are analysed by the Cool Edit Pro software to obtian the time and frequency characteristics. The results showed that the songs can be used to distinguish different species in one genus, but it is difficult to differentiate between different genera. Keys to species with songs characters are given.