Study Of Economic Loss And Countermeasures On Water Pollution In Zhuzhou

With the improvement of public awareness to relations between the environment and economic developments, the study of the interaction between economic developments and environmental protection is getting more and more attention as economic losses resulting from environmental pollution is too drastic to be neglected. The analysis of the economic losses resulting from water pollution is one of the most important aspects. Economic losses resulting from water pollution include the cost of wastewater treatment and other indirect and latent losses. The study of the calculation of losses resulting from environmental pollution started late in China, and has advanced slowly because of the lack of funds. What's more, the separate calculation of losses resulting from wastewater is in the beginning. This essay analyzes and estimates losses resulting from water pollution in Zhuzhou in the year 2000, and on the basis of decomposition, losses will be broken down into wastewater treatment cost, agricultural losses, fishery losses, health damage, ecological and esthetical effects, industrial production losses, and material losses. Water pollution is rather serious in Zhuzhou, but investment in the centralized treatment of wastewater is far from enough, and the centralized treatment rate is only 3.3%. So Zhuzhou should strengthen the construction of wastewater treatment. Setting up projects and collecting data account for the major part of the investment. It can reduce the cost to promote investment and facilities' operating efficiency, and it is also advantageous to promote urban wastewater treatment efficiency and make full use of the fund. Ecological and aesthetic effects can be ignored because the proportion of tourism industry in the Zhuzho's GDP is small and sensual discomfort can be got rid of through the treatment. Still the calculated result of losses resulting from water pollution is 213.23 million yuan in the year 2000 and accounts for 1.6 % of Zhuzhou's industrial GDP in contrast to 14.76million yuan in the year 1985 which accounts for 0.43% of the industrial GDP of that year, and the ratio of 2000 increases by 1.17% in comparison with that of the year 1985.As industrial pollution is the main pollution in Zhuzhou, we adopt the environmentally and economically optimal model to analyze industrial layout and optimal calculation. We draw two conclusions which are as follows: (1) With the limitation of water use in the year 2000 (the quantity of water used in the second industry is 489.16 million tons and that of the sendee sector is 86.93 million tons, and the production runs normally), die economic production increased by 2223.5million yuan in comparison with that of the year 2000. The service sector needs less water and produces less wastewater man the second industry thus is easier to control in terms water pollution. It can develop further if Zhuzhou can adjust its economic structure and pays more attention to the service sector. (2) Upon calculation, the total economic output of chemical, non-metal manufacturing industry, nonferrous metal metallurgy industry; mechanical and electronic industry, electric power and gas industry increased by 1252 million yuan in comparison with that of the year 2000 (13367 million yuan), and COD discharge was reduced by11305.82 tons. With double requirement of environmental protection and economic development, the production of nonferrous metal metallurgy industry may expand 2,867 million yuan, and the production of electric and gas industry may expand 205 million yuan. The analytical results can provide reference for Zhuzhou's industrial layout and production planning.Water resources ownership and property rights cause economic externality. To fix water resources ownership and property rights and to establish water rights market can eliminate the externality. At the same time, measures should be taken to centralize wastewater treatment facilities on the basis of districts and/or industries and to marketize and industrize it so as to improve the situation of water pollution...