Chiral Separation By Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Chirality is a universal phenomenon, especially in pharmaceuticals, biological molecules and agrochemicals, et al. In the early 1980s, the routine and rapid analytical resolution of stereoisomerisms was relatively difficult. However, by the early 1990s, significant advancement in the field of separation technology was made so that rapid enantioseparations of optical isomers were becoming routine and commonplace. As understanding of the biological actions of compounds with respect to stereochemistry has grown, the necessity to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of individual compound has become more apparent. Much of the groundbreaking work in the chiral separation occurred in the liquid chromatography (LC) in recent years, meanwhile the capillary electrophoresis (CE) has begun to gain in popularity. Most CE methods for the separation of chiral compounds have their origins in LC. The small diameter capillary was used in CE dissipate heat effectively, allowing for the use of high voltages that result in rapid and efficient separation. These differences not only allow for greater efficiency but also make it possible to resolve enantiomers with exceedingly small selectivity factors by using CE. In CE, the change of separation media can be easy to offer other advantages, one can alters quickly and effectively the run buffer to screen various separation media with minimum cost.The dissertation consist of five parts:Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive review on the trends of chiral separation by capillary zone electrophoresis in high perfermance capillary electrophoresis, especially on the recent development of enantionmer separation using clyclodextrins and their derivatives and macrocyclic antibiotics as chiral selectors. The review includes 119 references.Chapter 2, the part is entitled "Separation of Abscisic Acid Enantiomer by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Cylclodextrins and Their Derivatives as Chiral Selectors". The chiral separation of abscisic acid enantiomers was studied by capillary electrophoresis using (-cyclodextrin, (-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-(-cyclodextrin and dimethyl-(-cyclodextrin aschiral selectors. The pH value of run buffer, the types of cyclodextrins and their concentration, the electric field strength, the temperature of capillary and different long capillaries were systematically investigated. The optimum separation conditions were obtained.In Chapter 3, kanamycin, an aminoglycosidic antibiotic, was used as a native chiral selector in chiral separation by capillary zone electrophoresis. Four racemates had been resolved successfully. The pH value of the background electrolyte, the concentration of chiral selector, the concentration both borax and phosphate were optimized systematically. The separations of serval enantiomers with kanamycin as chiral additive were obtained only by adding organic solvents into the background electrolyte. The effects of organic modifiers on chiral drug resolution were investigated. The use of borax and isopropyl alcohol was found to be the best effective for the chiral separation. In chapter 4, an abbreviated summary was put in about the development of analysis in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrochemistry detector in recent years. This method is highly sensitive and selective. In this part we laid emphasis on the examination of body fluid by reversed high performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrochemistry detector.Chapter 5. A rapid and simple method for the study of the acupuncture effect on monoamine transmitters and related compounds in rabbit plasma and brain tissue by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector was developed. ODS column was selected as separation column without ion pair at 250C, and pH 4.50, 20mmol/l of trisodium citrate -50mmol/l sodium phosphate dibasic to methanol [95:5(V/V)] at flow rate of 1.0ml/min. Four compounds, epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) an...