| The sharp increase of population and poverty put pressure on the resource and environment; Allocation of social wealth is unfair; The economic value characterized by high-consumption and high-output, and ways of extravagant consumption lead to relative shortage of resource. Additionally, the exploitation of resource is unreasonable so as to the environmental degradation and damage. During the Cold War, two superpower's competition in the fields of nuclear weapons, armament andspace make people live on the edge of war and extinction....... We have realized thatwe have to control population, change the production patterns of high-input, high-damage and high-waste, and the ways of luscious consumption, and exert sustainable development strategy.From Malthus to Darwin, from the Economic Theory of Spacecraft to the Limit of Growth, from the UN Conference 1972 on the Human Environment to the UN Conference 1992 on the Environment and Development, they show that the thought of sustainable development has been formed and matured, accepted by most countries and organizations, and implemented in practice.From beginning to now, the thought of sustainable development is based on the fact as follows: human beings acquire great achievement in the science and economy; the abilities of remaking nature are greatly improved. But at the same time, the environment people depended on is destroyed dramatically. Man achieves dramatic returns with expensive cost. Over-growth of population, over-exploitation and over-consumption of natural resource, and too much discharge of waste result to shortage of global resource, pollution of environment and damage of ecology such as the desertification and salinization of soil, the decrease of biological diversity, and so on. People have to face series of vital challenge, which force us to rethink thetraditional outlooks of value and development, and make us understand that we should walk onto the road of sustainable development.Traditional system of national accounting is Gross National Product (GNP) or Net National Product (NNP). The growth of GNP or NNP means economy increase or social wealth growth. However, it is incorrect with the view of sustainable development, because the system doesn't account the resource and environment. Therefore, reforming traditional system and constructing Green GNP is one of important work.Professor Qufutian defined the Green GNP as SI=GNP- (R+A+N) - (DM+DN) or SI=GDP-DM-DN . Based on the former model and the environmental economics methods such as Changes in Productivity, Cost of Illness, Opportunity Cost Approach, and so on, I valued the loss of air pollution taking Urumqi City as an example..Air pollution has greatly negative impact, such as on agriculture, health, forest, fish, construction, communication, and so on. But I valued the cost only in these aspects: TL= HL + AL + WL + CL, because the data and the materials are limited, many aspects caused by air pollution are not understood, and these valued methods are ineffective.On the base of analysis and value, I made some conclusions and tendered some advice.Conclusions: From 1997 to 2001, the average loss of air pollution is 0.527 billion in Urumqi. From 1997 to 2001, the average proportion of the loss to GDP amounts to 2.17 percent and every people has to afford ?55 every year in Urumqi. In the paper, the valued loss of air pollution is lower than the common loss because many items are not valued. The government's Blue Sky Engineering didn't achieve obvious effect. With the economy development, the productivity improvement and the value of capital and resource increase due to the growth of exploitation cost and user number, the loss of air pollution will increase if we see it with the view of resource economics.Advice: Pay more attention to the resource accounting, and consolidate the comprehensive decision-making of environment and economy. Construct the pay-for-use institute of environment, and internalize the e...
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