| Hilly mountain region in northwest of China, located in Jilin and Heilongjiang, the provinces of is famous as grain food storehouse and a vulnerable ecological region. Regarded the exploitation and restoration of watershed, as the main pattern of ecosystem reconstruction in this area, the model of the reconstruction of economy is decisive key of sustainable development of the system. The study on the reconstruction mode of the hilly and gully region in northwest of China is very important in the region.In this paper, taking Heiniuhe small watershed as an example were studied the environment condition, economy condition, and reconstruction model research area included was as follow: (1) indicator selection and assessment in watershed index ecosystem health; (2) optimization design of economy ecosystem of watershed; (3) the appropriate measures of soil and water conservation and the configuration; (4) the sustainable development assessment of watershed.After several years of field survey, experiments, and analysis, the results showed as follows:l.The appropriate indicator system and diagnosis has been developed in watershed. The concept of "obstacle amount" was introduced into the indicator system. Based on the characters and situation of the watershed, the diagnosis system is consisted of four subsystems which include environment, resource of soil and water, economy and society, six diagnose index, and thirty two individual indicators. The information entropy was employed to define the weightiness of indicators, which eliminate the deviation due to the subjectivity. Using the obstacle amount, the problems of blindness in restoration has been resolved. From the assessment, the Heiniuhe watershed has been evaluated. The results showed that the heath index was 55.55. Environment subsystem was the obstructive factor for reconstruction of watershed and sustainable development. The health diagnosis index was of 45.66. There were 12 factors, which influence the watershed restoration, including low vegetation cover, low ratio of cropland area, small proportion of terrace, lack of labor force intensivism, low control degree of soil and water loss, high runoff and low fundinvest etc..2. Eco-economy structure optimized model of this watershed system was developed, including land-use, environment management and adjusting measure of Heiniuhe small watershed. The result indicated that rate of agriculture, forestry and pasturage changed from 1:0.91:0.02 before optimized to 1:0.96:0.13 in 1996 and to 0.88:1:0.18 in 2005. In eco-environment management, 5 practices of divide-range and slope protect, farmland protect, gully harness, river and irrigation works and village road were arranged. By improving environment management technology and developing aquiculture skill and adding loop technology of food chain, the ecological model of planting trees on hill and fruit trees on hill, dam and pond consolidating hill-foot, storing water and raising fish and building land and planting paddies was formed. At the same time, by developing pasturage and intensive processing of agricultural primary product and using surplus labor to improve the second and third industry, the economy model that takes agriculture as main and considers pasturage, intensive processing of agricultural product and the second and third industry simultaneity was promoted. Eco-economy structure model was formed in this area.3. Measures of soil and water conservation in small watershed in hilly mountain were implemented. The key factors are water and soil conservation and their optimizing disposition, which influence local environmental constructs of ecology and economy. The experiment results showed that: (1) Bamboo-like terrain is an efficient engineering measure which can suit the special and complex micro- landforms as "gallinaceous claw hillock", "steamed bread hill", "money hop-pocket"; (2) Engineering protection system including terrain, interception, water-storage and drainage are efficient practice in small watershed integrated...
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