Study On Methods For Strategic Environmental Assessment And Case Analysis

Nearly every country regards sustainable development as her significant goal, and making stratagem and policy that could be sustainable is the chief key to realize it. It requires systemic and comprehensive assessment and analysis of environmental impact for all choices of the stratagem. That is strategic environmental assessment (SEA). SEA is a systematic, comprehensive process of evaluating the environmental effects of a policy, plan or program and its alternatives. SEA applies environmental impact assessment (EIA) at policy, plan and program (PPPs) levels. SEA is instrument to harmonize the relation between environment and development as early as possible. It's an effective instrument to integrate environment and development. EIA has done much to control and reduce pollution and protect environment. But traditional EIA has been limited at the level of project, so it has many limitations. Single EIA of project couldn't satisfy the demand of full-scale protecting environment and sustaining using resource. It's a new trend to carry study and advance of SEA actively. SEA could make up the lack of EIA, and reduce the environmental problems aroused from infelicity stratagem. So it's a powerful instrument to realize sustainable progress.At present, many countries demand conducting SEA when the legislation or policy may have significant environmental sense as their law or administration order. Researches focus on the relation between SEA and EIA, SEA and sustainable development, the content of SEA, the indicators of SEA and the methodology of SEA. Methodology is significant to conduct SEA. Because the implement of a strategy may arise many projects, analysis of the environmental problem for a strategy become more complex. At different phase as a policy coming into being, different level of alternatives should be taken into account. There lack enough knowledge and experience on SEA. So, conducting study on methodology of SEA is the problem need to be resolved as soon as possible. Conducting deeply and systemic research on methodology could ensure the implement of the law of environment impact assessment all right. If there have no logical methodology, SEA could not be carried out smoothly. So, it could not effectively identify and avoid environmental impact aroused from irrational strategy. In this thesis, methodology of SEA is systemically discussed. It point out there are some methods could be used on SEA, which contains modified methods used on project EIA, methods used on program and analysis of policy, and information technique. There are detail introduce and compare on those methods. It introduces the environment-survey method and cost-benefit analysis method in detail, and discusses the possible problem in carrying SEA.At last, it gives two examples that are Ten-Year Programmer on Waste Management in Dutch and Plan on Improvement of Public Transportation in Canada. These examples give systemic introduce of the process, procedure and the methods in environmental assessment. The assessment of Ten-Year Programmer on Waste Management in Dutch mainly used the scenario analysis method and another used environment-survey method. But the assessment has shorting and lack should to be perfect.