Study And Countermeasures For Cleaner Production Of Jilin Province

The concept of Cleaner Production (CP), presented by the Western countrieson the basis of the lessons learned from the industrial pollution control, a newidea, thought and thing as far as Jilin Province is concerned, is the best mode forthe industrial pollution control, an important measure for the changing ofeconomic growth way and an inevitable road to realize the sustainable industrialdevelopment.Based on the environmental economics and the theory of sustainabledevelopment, etc., the paper deals with the principle, methods and content of CP,on the basis of widely collecting the relevant documents at home and abroad andsystematically analyzing and studying the practical achievements in developedcountries and parts of provinces in China where the CP is carried out well.In the past, whatever is in legislation, policies, management or technologies,the end-of-pipe control was emphasized on the strategy of resolving industrialpollution, which, to some extent, played a certain role in resolving theenvironmental pollution, but showed a lot of problems in the meanwhile. Thefirst is that the end-of-pipe control is not beneficial for saving raw materials andenergy. The second is that the end-of-pipe control is generally characterized aslarge investment, high operating cost and relatively poor benefits. The third isthat the end-of-pipe control is the environmental control afterwards, whichcannot solve the problem of the second pollution caused by itself. The final isthat the benefits brought about by the end-of-pipe control are low relative to theCP work.The CP emphasizes the whole process control, which can be divided intohigh, middle and low levels. The high level, that is, the whole process control ofeconomic reproduction, is the whole process control of various fields ofproduction, currency, distribution, consumption and discarding as well asrecycling, and is also to carry out control according to various processes of lifeperiods of products. The middle level, that is, the whole process control ofindustrial reproduction, is to carry out control in the process of basic construction,technological reforming, industrial production and supply and marketingactivities. To be concrete, it is to carry out control in the process of site-selection,layout, choice of product programs, program of raw materials and energy, choiceof technical equipment, determination of the form of production and organization,construction, completion and putting into production and production process aswell as production and marketing activities. The low level, that is, the wholeprocess control in the process of production of enterprises, is the pollutioncontrol in the whole process of choice of products, raw materials and energy,purchasing of raw materials, storage and transport, form of production andorganization, choice of producing and technical equipment, and production,packaging and storage as well as transport of products. Whatever level of CP canimprove the environment, reduce the waste of resources and bring about income,only with different income by different investment.The main methods of CP include the rational layout, design of products,certification of products, choice of raw materials, technological reforming,saving of energy and raw materials, comprehensive exploitation of resources,technological progress, strengthening of management and products doing no orlittle harm to environment, etc..The content of CP mainly consists of four aspects. The first is the bestrationalization of exploitation of natural resources and energy. The second is themaximum of economic benefits. The third is the minimum of harms to humanbeings and environment. The final is that the CP is a relative concept, which isrequired to timely present newer objectives and try to reach higher level with thesocial economic development and scientific and technological progress.One of the important instruments carrying out the CP is the examination andverification of CP, which is also called the auditing of CP, and the evaluation ofpollution prevention and evaluation of waste minimum abroad. It refers to carryout careful investigation and analysis of the concrete manufacturing process andoperations of an enterprise (plant) and obtain the detailed situation of thecategories and quantity of wastes of the company (plant) and present how toreduce the use of poisonous and harmful materials and the prepared CP programsof produced wastes. It also refers to the process in which some feasible CPprograms are selected and carried out to make the amount of wastes broughtabout in the process of production become minimum or completely disappearedafter the feasible technological, economic and environmental analyses of theprepared programs.Through the examination and verification of CP, the following fiveobjectives can be achieved. The first is to check the documents of operations,raw materials, products, use of water and energy as well as wastes of relevantunits. The second is to determine the sources, quantity and types of wastes aswell as the objectives of reducing wastes, and establish the economic strategiesof effectively reduce the amount of produced wastes. The third is to improve therecognition of enterprises on the benefits from reducing wastes. The fourth is todetermine the "bottleneck"parts of enterprises with low efficiency and poormanagement. The final is to improve the economic benefits and quality ofproducts of enterprises.In this paper, an original opinion is put forward on the examination andverification of CP. Firstly, the three core problems of CP are creatively presented,that is, the diagnosis of manufacturing process, analysis of causes and effects,and implementation of CP program. Secondly, the theory of the whole processcontrol of CP should be applied to the examination and verification of CP, whichis carried out for not only the established enterprises but also thenewly-established ones, really bringing the design and redesign of productssystem or the analysis and evaluation of life periods of products into theexamination and verification of CP and promoting the examination andverification of CP to develop into deeper direction.At present, the development mode of promoting economic growth with alarge amount of consumption of resources and energy is adopted in most of theindustries of Jilin Province at the expense of "high consumption, low benefitsand serious pollution". Industries are the big consumer of energy and rawmaterials, and the resources relevant to the industrial development in JilinProvince are relatively inadequate. It can save resources, improve efficiency andavoid stepping on the old road of "first pollution and control afterwards"to carryout the CP; therefore, it is of great theoretic and realistic significance for theeconomic development in Jilin Province to study the CP.The characteristics of industries and resources of Jilin Province determinethat great efforts must be made to promote the CP. Firstly, the examination andverification of CP should be completely imposed upon, which is the best way to...