Study On Impact Of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Tanggula-Lasa Section Construction To Alpine Ecosystem And Its Recovery Measurements

Along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the physiognomy types are abundant, the climate circumstances are multiform, height above sea level varies great perpendicularly, frozen soil develops and the environment condition is special, so it forms the special and abundant ecosystem. As it is cold and arid and lack of oxygen on Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the ecosystem is particular, weak and very sensitive to human perturbation.This thesis starts from the status quo of the biodiversity in the influencing region, considering the characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet railway engineering, according to some research and test, after mastering the basic data and characteristics of the biodiversity in the influencing region of the railway from Tanggula to Lasa, gives research to the resume mechanism after construction perturbation, and also prognosticates the resume extent and rate, brings forward the handling measures associating with the engineering, and seeks for the measures and methods to protect the biodiversity during the construction and operation period.With the geography information system and remote sensing technique, aimed at the railway section from Tanggula to Lasa, this thesis gives the research of the biodiversity and ecosystem on the two sides of the railway and indicates that there are 11 types of vegetation, 19 biomes, 34 biome-types and 8 biogeocenoses distributed in the range of 50km. In this section there is no plant species highly protected, the floristics is relatively meager, the diversity of the species is comparatively low, however the special elements are relatively plenty and have high value of scientific research and using, the ecosystem along railway line is weak, rare and important.The research results of the impacts on the biodiversity and ecosystem along the railway line during the construction period show that the engineering will give effects mainly though the distortion of the earth's surface's vegetation and soil structure and lead up to the decrease of the vegetation covering ratio, the quantity of the biology and the species of the plant, wreck the soil configuration and reduce thefunction of the ecosystem. During the railway operation period; it will cause positive effects as well as negative effects on he biodiversity and ecosystem. The destroyed vegetations can be resumed. As long as the earth's surface can preserve a certain proportion of original soil; the species diversity can come back to the initial state in 20-30 years after the construction.It can lessen the collective impact on the biodiversity and ecosystem by the engineering through using the ecosystem resuming and rebuilding theory; adoption the manual measures to resume the vegetation; maintaining the original species of the vegetation and taking all kinds of measures to decrease the impacts.