Analysis And Evaluation Of Water Quality For Water Sources And Drinking Water In Typital Cities Of South China

In the study, water quality status and water production technics were investigated and evaluated in 12 representative cities in south China including Wuhan, Changsha, etc.. We hope this investigation can provide available informations to researchers on water industry and help them to take pertinent measures on the basis of factual water quality status in south China in order to improve water quality and insure water security.The water quality indexes which are paid great attention by drinkers and researchers were evaluated with the environmental quality standard for surface water (GB3838-2002).These indexes include turbidity , alga ,organic contamination, pH, microorganism, toxicoid, metal contamination, radionuclide, fluoride and total rigidity. These indexes were monitored by the above-mentioned 12 water companies from 2001 to 2003 .It was demonstrated that southern water sources bear the characteristic of low turbidity, high alga, organic pollution, low rigidity ,low fluoride, alkaline, serious pollution of microorganism, exceed-standard toxicant in some sources, optimistic radiation pollution, exceed-standard Fe and Mn.Three integrated water quality evaluation methods are adopted to reflect the whole status of water quality in southern water sources on the basis of the evaluation of monomial index. These methods including index system evaluation, fuzzy synthetic evaluation and grey related evaluation have each its strong point .The result of grey related evaluation which is considered most actual after comparison and analysis shows two sources including the Hanjiang River and the Xiangjiang River are evaluated III ,five sources including the Changjiang River, the Minjiang River ,the Minjiang River ,the Nine-dragon River and the Yongjiang River are evaluated II ,and other sources are evaluated I .The indexes which effect drinking water quality principally including chroma , turbility, NH3-N2, pH, organic contamination, toxicoid, metalcontamination, radiation, volatilization hydroxybenzene, fluoride and total rigidity were analyzed and evaluated in treated water and distributed water of 19 water plants in southern areas with the standards "Standard for drinking water quality", "Sanitary standard for drinking water quality "and "The standard of urban drinking water quality ".It's demonstrated that there still exist exceed-standard content of turbidity, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, total coliform and fecal coliform after routine water disposal technics which is still in the highest flight in most water plants in southern areas.On the basis of risk identification system and chemical evaluation index system for safety drinking water which were established by Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Monitoring listings for pollutants were established after evaluation of water quality risk in some southern plants.Ten concernful and representative problems in water disposal technics were advanced after evaluation and investigation of water quality status and problems. According to these, we recommended technical fruits of "863".