Evaluation Research Of Water Safety On River Drinking Water Sources

Safety of drinking water is closely related with the majority of the people’s health, life safety and social stability. A comprehensive understanding of the environmental situation of drinking water sources, proposing technique being related to protect drinking water source, enhancing the drinking water source in pollution prevention and management capabilities, is an important basis for environmental protection of drinking water sources.Based on the domestic and international research, safety evaluation method of urban-center-river drinking water source is studied. Firstly, the current grim situation of the security of drinking water sources is facing and the current research situation of the security of drinking water sources is discussed at detail. In addition, the relevant theories to safe drinking water. Furthermore, according to the status of evaluation of safety drinking water at home and abroad, as well as, through literature review and expert’s consultation of survey methods, the factors affecting the safety of drinking water sources is comprehensive analyzed. At last, based on principles of constructing the index system, safety evaluation Indicators framework of a drinking water source is established. The evaluation system includes three aspects which is water quality assessment, risk assessment and comprehensive evaluation. Water quality assessment mainly is that water quality factors in Tables 1 and 2 of 《Surface Water Quality Standards》 (GB3838-2002) were evaluated through water pollution index method. Risk assessment includes health risk assessment and pollution risk assessment, and health risk assessment means that eight water quality factors, including hexavalent chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, Lead, volatile phenol, cyanide, fluoride is evaluated by the way of health risk model, and pollution risk assessment is indicated to evaluate the major pollution factor using the New Zealand qualitative method, according to survey to the major pollution factor of each water source. The comprehensive evaluation method is to use pressure-state-response model to select the appropriate indicators, and use AHP method to determine weights of the index and to do some evaluation. Finally, the result of safety assessment of drinking water sources is got by these three weighted sum value. And on this basis, the security level for drinking water sources were evaluated, and quantitatively expressed by the membership level of safety of drinking water sources.Finally, as an example of safety evaluation of centralized drinking water sources in Wuhan Urban, the evaluation results show that in 2013 in Wuhan urban water quality of the centralized drinking water source is in good condition, and the degree of health risk and the risk of contamination is the intermediate level, and the integrated Rank is general safety, and security tends to a low level, the overall situation is not optimistic. Based on evaluation results of safe drinking water sources in Wuhan, specific measures to strengthen Wuhan safe drinking water sources is put forward, including the strengthening prevention and controlling measures to water pollution, improvement of water protection measures in legally, the strengthening water system-building management measures, strengthening the construction of monitoring to water sources and early warning and emergency response systems, and education work to publicity of water protection.