Investigation And Evaluation On The Drinking Water Source In Tipical Rural Areas Of Hunan Province

The drinking water safety issues related to the health of the masses, the safety of lifeand social harmony and stability, so the central and local government has been attach greatimportance to strengthen the prevention of water pollution in the source of drinking water.With rapid progress of Chinese industrialization, urbanization and social economyexploitation of water resources, water pollution become serious and thus drinking watersafety has been attracted attention. By now, there is no more information on the ruraldrinking water source and pollution, the water environment monitoring system isimperfect, basis of environmental management is weak, these problems are acute.Therefore, an urgent need for the environmental conditions survey and comprehensiveassessment of the rural drinking water sources and the work of environmental protectionof drinking water sources will be carried out.In this paper, asscociated with the principal investigation by environmental department in2008and118typical township drinking water in15thJune,2009,118typical townshipdrinking water sources was studied. The environment of drinking water sources wasinvestigated. The quality of drinking water and major environmental pollution wasevaluated. And protection method for pollution sources in a typical township drinkingwater sources was suggested. The conlusions was below:(1) The rural drinking water was mainly from fluvial drinking water in Hunanprovince (51,43.2%). Secondly, it was from underground drinking water (44,37.3%) andlake drinking water (23,19.5%). The largest of population density was present in theunderground water protection area, then it was found in fluvial drinking water area. Thesmallest was the lake drinking water area. And the number was1640.79,1177.48and254.52capita/sq. km respectively. The typical rural drinking water supply structuremainly consists of living water and the capita water was119.25liters per daily. The mainwater supply for the underground pipe directly transported into people’s homes and watertreatment rate was61%. There were135industrial pollution sources in the typical ruraldrinking water supply area. The total discharge of industrial wastewater was21904360tons which was accounting for55.9%of the total discharge. COD of industrial wastewaterwas6025.98tons, accounting for27.9%of total emissions. Also ammonia nitrogen was1095.89tons which was35.7%of total emissions. (2)Pollution main factors which exceed the standard in the typical rural drinking waterwere total coliform, fecal coliform, ammonia nitrogen, iron, manganese, dissolved oxygen,total phosphorus and total nitrogen. From the results of118typical rural drinking watermonitoring, the number of93was meeting the III water quality standard, which show thatcompliance rate was78.8%. Therein, the lake water quality, the river water quality andgroundwater compliance rate was95.7%,92.2%and54.5%, respectively.(3) Based on the endowment of drinking environment, water pollution,environmental supervision and environmental risk index, comprehensive evaluation of thetypical rural drinking water supply and environmental conditions were studied. The resultsshow that the river water environment resources was better and groundwater environmentwas lower. River water quality compliance rate was higher, groundwater water qualitycompliance rate is lower. The typical rural drinking water quality is primarily influencedby the source of life and other non-point source, bad water environmental supervisioncapacity, lag protection area management and great drinking water environment risk.(4) The corresponding countermeasures of environmental management of drinkingwater source area should include: the adjustment of industrial structure and layout,elimination of backward technology to promote the centralized wastewater treatment,promoting clean production and recycling economy, using cleaner productiontechnologies, processes and equipment with a high utilization rate and less pollutants,increasing supervision in the key areas and enterprises. Shutting down rectification strictdrinking water source protection zones and the enterprises and strengthen the tracking andsupervision of enterprises which has great impact on the water quality of drinking watersources, establishment of water monitoring early warning countermeasures.