The Research Of Ecological Capacity Measure Method And Its Application

Sustainability was advanced when people was looking for a proper environmental ethic to construct a harmonious relationship between human and nature. The basic of sustainability is sustainable ecological capacity.This paper studies two methods measuring ecological capacity and their application. One is ecological footprint, the other is ecosystem services valuation. EF appraises the total bioproductive area needed to sustain a defined society's activities. Ecosystem services imply the natural environmental conditions on which human life relies for existence, and their effectiveness formed and sustained by ecosystem and its ecological processes.In 2004, for Yichun, ecological surplus is 13.2 ha/cap, ecological diversity index is 0.88 and development capacity index is 1.26, ecological footprint of 10~4 yuan GDP is 2.61 ha;for Suzhou, ecological deficit is 3.61 ha/cap, ecological diversity index is 0.83 and development capacity index is 3.58, ecological footprint of 10~4 yuan GDP is 0.43ha;for Chongming, ecological deficit is 0.48 ha/cap, ecological diversity index is 0.86 and development capacity index is 1.57, ecological footprint of 10~4 yuan GDP is 0.69ha. Calculating their indexes in time series, it find that the ecological footprint increased slowly in Yichun and rapidly in Suzhou, as to be 2.91 ha/cap increased in 9 years, and in 2002 it started to increase quickly in Chongming. In all the three areas the ecological diversity index is decrease a few, development capacity index and ecological footprint of 10~4 yuan GDP are increased a few.The economic value of the regulation services of Yichun ecosystem is 59820.5yuan/cap, direct value is 97.71%, indirect value is 2.29%;the forest contribute 55% of ecosystem services value, next is farmland contributing 35%, wetland contributing 8%, grass land and water area both contributing 1%. There is a 4.9% net decline in value of ecosystem services in period 1995-2004. The economic value of the regulation services of Yichun ecosystem is 20272.5yuan/cap, direct value is 86%, indirect value isl4%;the farmland contribute59% of ecosystem services value, next is forest contributing 18%, wetland contributing 14%, water areacontributing9%. There is a 9.9% net increase in value of ecosystem services in period 1995-2004. The per capita ecosystem services value is more than per capita GDP in Yichun and Chongming.The per capita GDP from high to low is Yichun, Chongming, Suzhou, but the ecosystem services value is Suzhou, Chongming, Yichun. It indicates that the industry development path has some defect, it will damage ecosystem. There is correlation between ecological deficit/surplus and ecosystem services value in one area and also between different areas.In the end, this paper advances some principium suggestions to the three areas.