Study Of Preparation Of Nanometer-Scale Metal Oxides By Homogeneous Precipitation Method

Nanotechnology is a high and new technology, which has been developing from its birth at the endof the 1980s.The preparation of nanomaterials is an important part of nanotechnology. Because of its wideprospective applications in the filed of chemical industry catalysis, fine chinaware, irradiance parts of anapparatus, absorbance of IR, photoconductive materials, magnetism, metal oxide nanomaterials have beenpaying more and more attentions. The preparation of uniform metal oxide nanomaterials by homogeneousprecipitation method in solution is an active field in current material science.In this paper, copper-based metal oxide nanomaterials were prepared in solution to investigate thetwo key problems of homogeneous precipitation—how to provide precipitator continuously in a lowconcentration by chemical method, and how to prevent from the aggregation of primary nanoparticles.Triton X-100, which is a nonionic surfactant, was used as capping agent to prepare Cu₂O nanomaterial inthe process of Cu(II) cations hydrolysis in organic solution. Uniform single crystal nanotubes with outerdiameters of about 20 nm, inner diameters of about 10 nm and lengths of about 120 nm were prepared.Using the "soft templates" formed by Triton X-100 molecule aggregates, uniform Cu₂O nanocube andhollow cube polycrystals with lengths of about 180 nm were synthesized. Modulating the amount ofethanol additives, the size of hollow structure can be controlled. Using deionized water as solutionmedium and copper foils as electrodes, pure and monodisperse CuO shuttle-like particles with length ofabout 200 nm consist of parallel nanowires with diameters of 3-5 nm were obtained in the process ofelectrochemical corrosion under low potentials. The regular morphologies of anode films composed ofuniform CuO nanoparticles were also obtained in the corrosion process under different temperatures andcurrent densities. The co-discharge of oxygen and Cu(II) cations was realized on cathode under lowcurrent densities by controlling the concentration of soluble oxygen, and the dense films composed ofuniform Cu₂O cubes with length of about 900 nm were obtained. The uniform FeOOH,Ni(OH)₂,ZnOnanoparticles were also prepared in the same corrosion process using Fe,Ni,Zn as electrodesrespectively.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electronmicroscope(SEM) were applied to characterize the compositions and morphologies of the products.