| The thesis includes two parts.1. In this part, we design and synthesize six new bis(dialkyldithiocarbamates) ligands (L1L6) used as the neutral ionophores into the plasticized PVC membranes. The construction, response characteristic and application of silver ISEs are investigated. The better results have been obtained with membranes containing ligands L3L6 with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer. These electrodes work well over wide range of concentration (1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-3 M) with Nernstian slopes 53.0, 56.0, 53.3, 60.1 mV/decade, respectively. The present silver ion-selective electrodes have highly selectivities for silver ion over alkali, alkline earth and common transition metal ions, and display very good selectivities for Ag+ ion against interferent ion, the values are around -3.0. The present silver ion-selective electrodes have the better selectivity than the standard Ag2S-based solid-state electrodes for Hg2+. These silver ion-selective electrodes have been used as indicator electrodes for potentiometric titration of Cl- ions in B1 tablets using standard solution of AgNO3. The proposed electrodes have also been used for the direct determination of silver ion in water sample.2. The novel PVC membrane one-hydrogen-phosphate selective electrodes have been investigated by using calix[4]arene derivatives I, II as carriers, o-niteophenyl octyl ether(o-NPOE) as plasticizer and TDMACl as additive. The results showed that the electrodes exhibit an anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence with a preferential potentiometric response to HPO42-. The electrodes show a Nernstian potentiometric response for 1.0×10-51.0×10-2 mol/L HPO42- with the detection limit of 3.3×10-6, 1.0×10-5mol/L and slopes of 29.1, 27.9 mV/decade, respectively. The electrodes show better potential stability and reproducibility. They can be used for the determination of HPO42- in soil. The results are in good agreement with that obtained by the method in spectrum of light.
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