The Ecological And Environmental Assessment Of Zha Long Wetland

As one of the three main ecosystems which are juxtaposed with forest and marine on earth, the wetland ecosystem is playing a very important role in protectmg the global climate and ecological environment. Wetlands are special comprehensive system which are constructed by macrophytes and wet conditions. They are located among the biosphere, rocksphere and atmosphere. They are also the places of which energy and substance fluxes exchange, and also the key surrounding and ecosystem on the earth. They have a high diversity in flora, fauna and microbe community. The result of the researches and experiments showed that wetlands have many good effects such as conserving water, avoiding flood, regulating climate, supplying the ground water, stabilizing the environment, controlling soil erosion, and protecting the gene of species. Meanwhile, wetlands contain abundant biotic, peat and water resource. They are eulogized as kidney of the earth, gene store and Cradle of human being.Zha Long wetland is located 27 km southeast of Qiqihaer city in Heilongjiang province. The geographic coordinate are between 46°52'~47°32'N and 123°47'~124°37'E. Not only the cranes and other valuable or rare water birds are the main species in the wetland, but also it is the biggest national natural wetland reserve, and has very important ecological value. It was selected one of the international important wetland directories in Ramsar Convention in 1992, and is the key factor of controlling the climate and environment in west Heilongjiang.In this thesis, we used the very popular indexes and methods of ecological and environmental assessment. We investigated and researched the indexes of the ecosystem in Zha Long wetland, formulated a scientific and rational standard to assess the ecological environment of wetland. We also assessed each index of the ecosystem, found that the ecological environment in Zha Long was relatively good and set Zha Long about 74 points as the total score. Meanwhile, we had pointed out that there were surely many environmental problems to be solved in the wetland, and its important significance in ecology. Above all, we supported the theoretic condition and scientific basis to draft a protecting measure and a scientific way of management. It has also an important indicative function to improve and protect the quality of the ecological environment in wetland.