Research On Preparation Technology Of Nanometer ZnO By Sol-gel Method And Anti-agglomeration Mechanism Of Surfactants

Nanometer ZnO is one new type abio-function material in resent years, which particle size between 1 to 100nm. Due to special capability, it is abroad applied for gas sense organ, image register material, transmit material, piezoelectricity material and so on.This paper based on reference abundant inside and outside literature, reviewed apiece preparation methods and application characteristic of zinc oxide, researched the basic principle and application of sol-gel method of preparing powder material with emphases. Sol-gel method's experiment equipment is simple, operation is brief, and it prepared powder material whose granularity distributing is equality and pure is high. At the same time, discussed powder reunite reason, mechanism and settled measure in the process of preparing powder material. The mostly disquisition contents were the technological conditions and prevent zinc oxide reunite method of sol-gel method of preparing nanometer zinc oxide. Mostly including:the influence of kinds of zinc salt, complex agents and surfactant, addition of surfactant, different complicated surfactants, reaction mode, concentration of zinc salt, concentration of different complicated surfactants, kinds of solvent, reaction time, dryness temperature and calcinations temperature on zinc oxide powder in preparing process. At the same time the author researched the disperse function of ultrasonic surge and microwave calcinations to powder in calcinations process. Zinc oxide powder was characterized by TG/DSC, laser granularity analyzer, IR, TEM, and XRD.The experiment results show: when the temperature is 70℃, oxalic acid is slowly distributed to zinc acetate solution, concentration of oxalic acid ethanol solution is 0.6mol/L, zinc acetate solution is 0.6mol/L, pH value is 1, drying temperature is 70℃, calcinations time is 3h, ethanol washing, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone according to quality ratio as 1:1 mix, ultrasonic surge and microwave calcinations temperature was 450℃, the prepared zinc oxide are high purity, fine crystallization, good dispersion and its average size is 35nm. The ultrasonic cavitation function of ultrasonic surge could effectivly shake out grain reunite, microwave calcinations use its doughty penetrability and excellent outstanding selectivity to let zinc oxide precursor be heated equality, the granularity distributing of zinc oxide is narrow, grain size distributing equality. Mixed surfactants could effectively adsorb on grain surface, form space barrier layer, prevent and lighten grain reunite.