Study On The Effect Of Agricultural Exploitation To Regional Ecological Environment In Sanjiang Plain

Sanjiang Plain which is comprised of Hei Longjiang﹑Song Huajiang and Wusu Lijiang, situated in the northeast of Hei Longjiang Province. And it is famous for its rich marsh resource, so it is named—"Bei Da Huang". It is our important provisions base and has made great contribution for our nation's construction. Sanjiang Plain has been deplored and exploited by our Party and government for many years, as a result, the agriculture has made great contribution, and the economy has developed in a high speed. However, anything has its two sides, the advantage and its contrary side. In the behind of highly developed economy, the ecosystem environment of Sanjiang Plain also has been destroyed seriously. For example, the dimension quantity of its marsh has decreased, the pollution of marsh has become more and more serious, the ecosystem of marsh has been destroyed; the quantity of water resource has been decreased, the natural disaster is more multifarious; and meanwhile the forest and lawn also have been devastated. Sanjiang Plain is our important marsh resource, its sustainable development related the agricultural and economic development, the most important is that it will effect the whole nation's development. So whether we can recognize the Sanjiang Plain's sustainable development is very important event.This paper is totally divided into three parts to elaborate systematically the agricultural exploitation in Sanjiang Plain and its effect on regional ecosystem environment .And then to table a proposal, in order to achieve sustainable development.Part one first introduces the agricultural exploitation history in Sanjiang Plain. And it is cut into three small parts:(I)the geographical location and natural resource of Sanjiang Plain;(II)the exploitation history in Sanjiang Plain;(III)the agricultural development in Sanjiang Plain. These three parts interplay each other. First, we must know the geographical location of Sanjiang Plain and its feature of natural resource. Sanjiang Plain which is comprised of Hei Longjiang﹑Song Huajiang and Wusu Lijiang, situated in the northeast of Hei Longjiang Province. And it is famous for its rich marsh resource, expect this, it also has rich land resource,water resource,forest and lawn resource,wild animal and plant resource and so on. These kinds of resources have their different features, and all have made great contribution to ecological balance of this area. The next, then introduces the exploitation history from before foundation to after foundation. And then dwells on the agricultural development history which lasts nearly 100 years of Sanjiang Plain.Part two introduces the ecological environmental effects on Sanjiang Plain caused by agricultural exploitation. First introduces the traditional agricultural mode and its drawback. Although from antiquity to modern times, the agricultural exploitation mode has improved to extent, it hasn't yet got rid of traditional agricultural mode. From depending on the man-made tools to depending on the semi-mechanical and mechanical tools, even to now depending on modern scientific management and automatic operation, they has improved the agricultural exploitation mode to a certain extent. Certainly, the agricultural exploitation mode has not been changed totally. The next, it introduces how the agricultural exploitation mode influences the ecological environment. The effects mainly embody the following aspects: the first is the effects on marsh resource. It has diminished the dimension of marsh, made the pollution become more and more serious, and made the marsh ecosystem deteriorate; the second is the effects on water resource. It has made the water resource decrease, and natural disaster becomes more and more multifarious; the third is the effects on forest and lawn resource. The mansion of forest and lawn has been decreased seriously, and the quality of forest has become worse; the fourth is the effects on mild plant and animals. The category quantity of plants and animals becomes less. Some rare kinds of animals are facing extinction.Part three introduces presents the sustainable development strategy according to the effects. The first little part within this segment introduces the sustainable development theory. It systematically elaborates this theory's evolution, and then introduces its implication and its feature."Sustainable Development"is a terminology which has turned up since 1980s, now it has become very prevalent terminology by all over the world. There are many definitions about it, according to the international explanation, so-called the sustainable development is that not only satisfies the need of contemporary, but also not endangers posterity's need. In other words, it means that the economy,the society,the resource and the environment protection collaborate mutually. Then achieve the target of economic development ,and can also protect the atmosphere,water,sea,land and forest resource. Then it presents the problem of transforming the regional exploitation mode. In order to achieve the goal of agricultural sustainable development of Sanjiang Plain, we must transform the agricultural exploitation mode actively and try to implement the industrialized agriculture. Industrialized agriculture is a new agricultural management regime under the socialist market economy, and it aims to improve the agricultural efficiency and to achieve agricultural modernization. Through analyzing the current condition of industrialized agriculture in Sanjiang Plain profoundly, then presents the countermeasures. Next, the countermeasures are divided into four spots : first is transforming the marsh exploitation mode, developing ecological agriculture and circular agriculture; second is adjusting industrial structure of agriculture, transforming the management mode; third is switching management mechanism of national farm, building modern corporation system; fourth is increasing the mansion of marsh, planting and protecting environment.Because of the special situation of Sanjiang Plain, the study on Sanjiang Plain is very less. In recent few years, our nation government began to think of the marsh and agricultural situation of this area, and then fully recognized the importance of agricultural development in this area. Whether it can develop sustainably not only relates to our country's provisions safety, but also relates to the regional ecological safety. This paper applying sustainable development theory, presents to apply a new agricultural mode—the ecological and circular agriculture in this area, and tries to innovate on the marsh exploitation mode.