Snthesis Of Alkylbenzene - Gemini Surfactant

Gemini surfactant which has two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups is a new kind of surfactant with special molecular structure versus the traditional surfactant (only one hydrophilic group and hydrophobic-based).The synthesis of alkylbenzene sulfonates -Gemini surfactant conducted a study on the following work.1. The dialkyl diphenylethane has planed to be prepared with dodecylbenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane over anhydrous aluminum chloride catalyst. The effect of molar ratio of reactants, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent type on the reaction were also discussed. It was indicated that the dodecylbenzene disproportionation and rearrangement reactions under the aluminum chloride can be taken placed, and then the didodecylbenzeneethane cannot be synthesised under the above reactive conditions.2. It has been designed to synthesize the alkyl-diphenylethane with reactants of 1,2-diphenylethane and 1-haloalkane over anhydrous aluminum chloride catalyst. Having been carried out the effect of different reactants molar ratio (1,2-diphenylethane : 1-haloalkane) on target product, it was found that the multialkyl diphenylethane was obtained when 1,2-diphenylethane :1-haloalkane is 1:4 (mole ratio), and the monoalkyl diphenylethane was obtained while the mole ratio of 1,2-diphenylethane and 1-haloalkane was from 2:1 to 4:1.3. The dilauroyl diphenylethane has been successfully synthesized with the reactants mole ratio of 2.5 times of lauroyl chloride to 1,2-diphenylethane under the reaction conditions of cyclohexane solvent and anhydrous aluminum chloride catalyst.The 4,4ˊ-bis (dodecyl) diphenylethane was obtained by carbonyl reduction reaction of 4,4ˊ- bis(dodecanoyl) diphenylethane . The double-alkylbenzene sulfonate was prepared with the sulfonated reaction and neutralization agent. The sulfonation conditions were as follows: carbon tetrachloride as solvent, temperature 20~25℃and 65% oleum as sulfonating agent.4. The 1,4-dibenzylbenzene has been successfully synthesized with the reactants of benzaldehyde, potassium hydroxide, chloroform and diphenylmethane under concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst. The 1,4-dibenzylbenzene has been also synthesized by the reactants of dichloro-p-xylene and benzene over anhydrous ferric chloride catalyst. The fluorescence spectras of benzene, 1,2-diphenylethane,diphenylmethane and 1,4-dibenzylbenzene were analysised respectively.