Effect Of The Land Use On Environment On The Upper Reaches Of Fenhe River During Qing Dynasty

Human activities, resulted in land use and land cover changes, are main causes of global environmental change. It is one of the main methods by which the human activities have effect on the environment and the most direct and important factor that drives land cover to change in history. As human's purposeful and conscious social economical activity, land using exists through the whole history of human being. It is the result of interaction and co-development of human and nature. This paper restores the way of the land use of upper reaches of Fenhe River in Qing dynasty, analyses the humane factors to cause this change, and studies on the socio-economic driving-factor, land-using change and environmental effect in the period. It presents some suggestions for today's land-use and development. This paper includes the following four sections.The first section the author prescribes the space scope and the time extent for this article, and explains the reasons for study in terms of the academic value and the practical significance, Then, the author looks back the studying achievement, in order to get the newest view. And the author describes the natural condition (such as climate , soil etc) of land use in upper reaches of Fenhe RiverThe second section studies upper reaches of Fenhe River 's land-use and change in Qing dynasty in detail, it is the most important part in the paper. According to different usages, the land can be divided into two varieties: farmland and woodland, which are restored from the point of width and depth. The conclusion is: In Qing dynasty, the land in upper reaches of Fenhe River covered by crops and because of land cultivation land-cover experiences a process of grass and forest and forest vegetation-agricultural vegetation. During the whole Qing dynasty, the land-cover change is drived directly by human land-use.The third section analyzes the driving factors of the changes of land use for upper reaches of Fenhe River in Qing dynasty. Directive function of policies, pressure of population, the social instability and limitation of natural conditions are the four factors that made the changes. It can be seen clearly that population is the essential cause for land-use change and policy factors accelerate the change.The fourth part studies the effect of land-use change. Natural environment in upper reaches of Fenhe River has been greatly influenced. From this section we know that: First, vegetation was destroyed, so the virgin forest of the Qing Dynasty now becomes the secondary forest, and the thick forest gets the thin one. Secondly, wild animals lost their natural living environment owing to vegetation destruction, so some animals now become rarer and rarer besides of macro-animals being extinct, and so on.Finally the author points out the problems of land use in upper reaches of Fenhe River and provides some suggestions about ecological restoration and the proper use of land resources.