The Immune Toxicity Study Of Two Environmental Hormones On Crucian Carp (Carassius Auratus)

In this paper, crucian carps were exposed to alachlor and atrazine and effects of these two environmental hormones on the activity and function of lymphocyte and macrophage were studied. Results from both in vitro exposure and long-term exposure experiments were analyzed to determine the immune toxicity of these two environmental hormones on crucian carp. The results were showed as follows:Lymphocytes separated from the blood of crucian carp were cultured and exposed to alachlor and atrazine in vitro. The activity of lymphocytes was significantly influenced by these two environmental hormones and dose-effect relationship was showed. The half inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of alachlor on lymphocytes was 27.7±7.6μg/L and IC₅₀ of atrazine was 97.6±26.4μg/L. The lymphocyte proliferation test in vitro showed that lymphocyte proliferation was significantly inhibited when the concentration of alachlor was above 7μg/L or the concentration of atrazine was above 50μg/L.Macrophages separated from the head-kindey of crucian carp were cultured and exposed to alachlor and atrazine in vitro. IC₅₀ of alachlor and atrazine on macrophages were 68.2±7.1μg/L and 153.9±23.5μg/L, respectively. Both alachor and atrazine can inhibit macrophages'productive activity of super oxide anion (O₂^-), but dose-effect relationship was not obvious.Alachlor and atrazine's effects on the enzyme activity of lymphocyte and macrophage were studied. The results showed that these two environmental hormones could inhibit the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity of lymphocyte and both LDH and acid phosphatase(ACP) activity of macrophage and dose-effect relationship was showed. Alachor and atrazine's inhibition on the enzyme activity accorded with their effects on the activity and function of lymphocyte and macrophage. After 60-day exposure to alachlor and atrazine in water, the lymphocyte proliferative activity assay was made and the leucocytes of blood were counted. The results showed that long-term exposure to alachlor at concentrations from 64 to 500μg/L and atrazine at concentrations from 6 to 3000μg/L could inhibit the proliferative activity of lymphocyte. And alachor of 250 and 500μg/L or atrazine of 1500 and 3000μg/L led to significant decrease of leucocytes of blood.The results of both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that alachlor and atrazine could inhibit the activity and function of immune cells of crucian carp when their concentrations met a certain level. So these two environmental hormones might have potential immunotoxicity to crucian carp.