Study On Optimization Of Land Use Structure In Linxiang City Based On Ecological Footprint Method

With continuous development of economy and technology, human beings have made more and more exploration of natural resources. At the same time, while the economy develops rapidly, ecological environment has been deteriorating and natural resources have been destroyed. This has limited economic development inversely. So we have to reexamine the relationship between nature and human in order to seek sustainable and coordinative development of economy, society and environment. Actually, the existence of these problems is nearly related to the irrational land use structure. Taking China as an example, it has been facing huge pressure between human and resources, so the optimization of land use structure is becoming more and more necessary.Based on the continuous dependence of land, Ecological Footprint is mainly used to measure the state of sustainable development quantitatively, which is raised by ecologist Rees and Wackernagel of Canada in 1992 and perfected by other researchers later. And then it is widely adopted by many governments and academia at home and abroad. The ecological footprint model calculates the gap between human needs of natural ecology and the services supplied by nature in order to judge whether the development of a country or in a region is sustainable. The optimization of land use structure takes land use system as an object and land use structure as the start point to describe the affiliation and restriction of factors by qualitative and quantitative analysis. At present, there are many methods of optimization of land use structure such as integrated balance method, linear programming model, grey linear programming model, multiple objective linear programming model, cellular automata model, dynamics model and so on. In this dissertation, the multiple objective linear programming model is adopted finally.Linxiang City, whose total land area is 1743.68 square kilometers, lies in the northeast border of Hunan Province. There are four types of topography, including mountains, hills, kong, plain, so the land use forms are complicated and diversified. With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization in Linxiang City, its demand for construction land is increasing. At present, the environmental vulnerability index in Linxiang City is 0.4950, belonging to the moderate fragile region, and the land sustainable use is under threaten. Therefore, it is needed to optimize the land use structure to achieve the comprehensive and sustainable development of economy, society and ecology. Then, we should control the scale of construction land, and strive to realize the general dynamic balance of cultivated land, while optimizing the industrial structure and promoting the healthy and orderly development of economy.In this dissertation, ecological footprint during 1996 to 2005 in Linxiang City is calculated, and the ecological footprint demand and supply in 2005 is also analyzed in detail. In 2005, Linxiang City, whose per capita ecological footprints demand is 1.6661 hm~2, per area of land capacity is 0.6078 hm~2, the ecological deficit is 1.0583 hm~2, the ecological pressure index is 1.7413, is under the absolute ecological pressure. The sustainable development index is 0.5743, and it belongs to the moderate sustainable development. According to this, we can draw a conclusion that the structure of ecological footprint is in an imbalance state, and the land use structure is not quite reasonable in Linxiang City. In the past ten years, the ecological deficit was increasing gradually and the ecological pressure index was also increasing year by year from the analysis of the calculation result of the ecological footprint demand and supply during 1996 to 2005. According to the studies on the relationship between ecological footprint and economic development, we can find that the land use efficiency is not high, and land intensive use level is low in Linxiang City. And then this dissertation forecasts and analyzes the ecological footprint in further in Linxiang City, using two ways of multiple indicator forecast and single indicator forecast to forecast the ecological footprint demand and use the methods of grey system and dynamics model to forecast the ecological footprint supply. Finally, we get the results that the ecological deficit will up to be 1.5175 hm~2 in 2010, and 2.7397 hm~2 in 2020.Based on the above, this dissertation uses the multiple objective linear programming model to optimize the land use structure about Linxiang City, which takes minimizing ecological deficit and maximizing economic benefits as the objective function, and sets up seven variables and nine constraints. According to the model, it can conclude that the ecological deficit will be 1.4901 hm~2 and 2.6689 hm~2 respectively in 2010 and 2020. At the same time, while the economic benefits of various land types improves greatly, the sustainable development in this region will also be realized.Finally, the dissertation puts forward the countermeasures, which mainly focus on the land use efficiency, land conservation and intensive use, land informatization and scientific management.