Distribution And Eluviating Characteristics Of Organochlorine Pesticides, Lead, Cadmium In Drinking Water Sources Of Huangpu River, Shanghai

The research of EDCs(organochlorine pesticides,lead,cadmium)in our country's drinking water source is start late.Based on the study of domestic and foreign scholars in this field,this thesis choose Shanghai's drinking water source for this research is extremely important which have a direct impact on more than 10 million people.This thesis wants to analysis the organic pesticides and heavy metals lead,cadmium's concentration spatial distribution and the concentration changes in the distribution of the variety of media(surface water,soil,surface sediments)in the region.This thesis wants to judge these contaminationes main source,ultimate destination and its impactiones on the environment.This thesis use the GA for water quality evaluation,use human health risks evaluation model for human health risks assessment.This thesis depends on the basic research project of Shanghai Municipal science committee "Endocrine disruptors process and the environmental pollution control technology in drinking water source of Shanghai"(05JC14059).This thesis complete by obtaining the subsidizes from the State Natural Sciences Foundation project "The research of re-suspension and the release of heavy metals in sediment to affect the water quality and safety in drinking water sources"(40701164),and the invite public bidding project of Shanghai Environmental protection Bureau "The research and countermeasures of POPs in drinking water source of Shanghai"(07-15).Based on the research results,this thesis made the following progresses:(1)HCHs,DDTs.have be detected frequently of the surface water sampling points.β-HCH andγ-HCH are the merely two detected in the four isomers of HCHs. The concentrationes ofβ-HCH andγ-HCH are between 0.02 - 0.12μg·L^-1.Only p, p′-DDT is detected in the three isomers of DDTs.The concentrationes of p,p′-DDT is between 0.02 - 0.03μg·L^-1.Heptachlor is detected all surface water sampling points. Heptachlor's concentration exceed the drinking water quality standards of the World Health Organization which standard is 0.03μg·L^-1.On the 8th sampling point, concentration of Aldrin is 0.23μg·L^-1which exceed the drinking water quality standards of World Health Organization 0.03μg·L^-1nearly seven times.Epoxy heptachlor,aldrin and endrin-only have been detected in surface water,and also have a lower concentration.Epoxy endrin and heptachlor is detected only once.(2)HCHs have been detected in the surface sediment merely 2 times. Concentration ofδ-HCH is 1.00μg·kg^-1and 7.00μg·kg^-1.Concentration of DDTs is between 1.00 - 51.00μg·kg^-1.δ-HCH and p,p′-DDT have been detected primarily.The highest concentration ofδ-HCH and p,p′-DDT are 7.00μg·kg^-1and 32.00μg·kg^-1on the sixth sampling point.The hexachlorobenzene,endosulfan sulfate,α-chlordane, endrin hexadrin,the methoxychlor are only detected in the surface sediment.The hexachlorobenzene has only been detected once.(3)HCHs's detection rate is low in the soil.HCHs has been detected only on the 14th sampling point.The DDTs' detection rate reaches 100%.The concentration scope is between 2 - 8μg·kg^-1.The highest concentration of DDTs is on the 8th and 10th sampling points.According to the DDTs' decay characteristic,DDTs is basically come from the early time remains.Union to the concentration of DDTs in the branch water,we can primitive decision the HCHs,DDTs in the branch of Huangpu River basically come from the early time remains and contribute to the current pollution are few In the surface soil,the heptachlor is detected in three sampling points,the concentration is 1μg·kg^-1,3μg·kg^-1and 2μg·kg^-1.(4)The average concentration of lead is 32.34μg·L^-1in surface water of the Huangpu River.The average concentration of lead is 0.86μg·L^-1in the surface water of the mainly branch of the Huangpu River.Thus it can be seen that the branch are few to the contribution of lead pollution of Huangpu river.In the surface sediment of the branch,the average concentration of lead is 32.7μg·g^-1.The main current lead average concentration is 21.8μg·g^-1.In the surface sediment the lead content peak appears in 21th sampling points,the concentration reaches 52.29μg·g^-1.The lead concentration in the branch river is higher than the main.In the soil the lead concentration basically between 20.22μg·g^-1-39.03μg·g^-1.The lead content peak appears in 24th sampling points(Ye Xietang),the concentration reaches 74.11μg·g^-1.(5)The cadmium content peak in the surface water is on 2th sampling points for 0.47μg·L^-1.The concentration of cadmium on other sampling points basically in 0.2μg·L^-1and the change of the content level scope is not large.In the sediment,the cadmium average concentration is 0.3μg·g^-1,the peak concentration appears in 10th sampling points(the Songpu bridge)is 0.92μg·g^-1,the lowest concentration appears in 13th sampling points(north mao port),the concentration is only 0.09μg·g^-1.In soil, cadmium's concentration basically about 0.15μg·g^-1.(6)Unify kinds of organic chlorine agricultural chemicals' spatial distribution characteristic and decay characteristic judge that the new input DDTs,the heptachlor and the aldrin possibly comes from the identical source of pollution.After on-the-spot investigation discovery,8th(Chen Jiabang and the Huangpu River intersection point) to 11th(salt and iron pond and the Huangpu River intersection point)sampling point region which are nearby the Huangpu waterworks has a large-scale freighter loading wharf and has several warehouse which are used to store chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals.From this,we can judge the new input DDTs,heptachlor and the aldrin possibly come from the leakage of the unloading process.(7)Unifies the spatial distribution characteristic of the lead,investigates and studies on the spot,the difference of distribution coefficient,we judge that the heavy metal lead which content in the surface water of the branch River comes from the eluviate soil which used the chemical fertilizer.The lead in surface water of the Huangpu fiver possibly comes from the divulge of diesel oil which comes from the large-scale ships' engines.(8)The concentration of cadmium in the surface water of main is higher than the branch.The concentration of cadmium in the surface water of main declines stablely, we judges that the cadmium in the surface water of Huangpu river comes from the upstream.The branch are few to cadmium pollution contribution because of the extremely low concentration of the cadmium is in the branch water.In the soil,the concentration of the cadmium have low correlation with the concentration in the surface water.The contribution of cadmium in the soil to the pollution of surface water body is low.The source cadmium pollution does not come from the soil.(9)By analyzing the concentration,the concentrate coefficient,et al of the organic chlorine agricultural chemicals,the lead,the cadmium in the environment,we find that the surface sediment concentrates these kinds of contamination to be possible 3-4 magnitudes.The pollutant concentrates in the soil basically similar to the sediment.This phenomenon confirms the sediment comes from the soil.This research indicate that the organic chlorine agricultural chemicals,the lead,the cadmium mainly concentrate in the sediment of Huangpu river.(10)By eluviating the two typical kinds.of soils,we can estimate the total input of the lead and cadmium in the rainy season.The results shows that the 0-10cm soil can be washout by the rain and adding the lead,cadmium to the water environment. The 0-30cm secondary ploughing soil can be eluviated by the rains and adding the lead,cadmium to the water environment.The soil which is eluviated from the secondary ploughing soil is one of the most important heavy metal lead,cadmium pollution sources in this region.(11)Using the GA model to evolute the water,the water quality of Huangpu river only belonged toⅡ(still clean).The human body health risk of the organic chlorine agricultural chemicals,lead and cadmium relatively was still low by comparing with the health risk value standard of abroad and regarding the Shanghai present condition.