| Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are either man-made or naturally occurring chemicals that interfere with the body’s ability to regulate its growth, development,metabolism and other functions. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) as environmental contaminants have received considerable attention since the early90s. These chemicals can interfere with the normal functioning of hormonal system in wildlife and human beings and cause adverse effects on the organisms. One of the widely reported effects in the aquatic environment is the fish feminization in some rivers Therefore, it is important to monitor these estrogenic compounds in riverine environments in order to protect the ecosystem.In this study we aim to determine the concentrations of selected estrogen compounds along the conservation area of drinking water resources in upper Huangpu River, a very important drinking water resource in Shanghai. To gain further insight, water samples were separated into SPM, filtrate, colloid and soluble phases through a validated CFUF system, to determine the intrinsic association of estrogen compounds between different phases and mass balance under CFUF condition. Such knowledge is essential to assess the long-term fate and potential risks of estrogen compounds in drinking water resources.In the mainstream and branches,concentration of estrogens were64.8～262.9ng/L,62.6～176.2ng/L,15.3～58.7ng/L,181.8～2102.8ng/g,9.6～234.4ng/g in filtrate, soluble, colloid, SPM and sediments phases, with mean concentrations of163.4ng/L,104.7ng/L,38.8ng/L,1030.7ng/g and104.4ng/g respectively. POC content showed a good correlation to total estrogens concentrations in in filtrate, soluble and SPM samples (R2=0.38,0.57and0.69respectively). It applies that estrogens contaminations of drinking water resources in upper Huangpu River is mainly affected by discharging agricultural wastewater, domestic sewage and industrial effluent along the river.Concentration of estrogens in cultured zones were70.2～754.4ng/L,44.1～651.2ng/L,7.4～174.8ng/L,1686.4～5017.6ng/g,15.5～1334.5ng/g in filtrate, soluble, colloid, SPM and sediments phases, with mean concentrations of305.4ng/L,227.0ng/L,53.1ng/L,3135.3ng/g and605.3ng/g respectively. The content of total estrogens in cultured zones was1.9times as that in mainstream and branches. POC content showed a good correlation to total estrogens concentrations in colloid, SPM and sediments samples (R2=0.72,0.71and0.81respectively), whereas not correlated with total estrogens concentrations in other phases. This may be related to different of sampling location, different agricultural farming type, and sampling time, and dissolved oxygen content, DOC is not the only factor to control the pollutant content of estrogens.To further evaluate the contribution of colloidal estrogens in the aquatic system, the mass balance of pharmaceuticals was calculated by including the SPM, colloidal and soluble phases. The colloidal phase contributed14.5～68.4%of OP,4.5～32.1%of BPA,5.6～58.4%of El,12.5～57.7%of E2,0.0～20.6%of EE2,4.1～62.7%of E3and8.2～36.1%of the total estrogens in the mainstream and branches aquatic system. In the cultured zones, the colloidal phase contributed0.7～53.0%of OP,4.4～22.5%of BPA,2.0～30.4%of E1,1.9～72.0%of E2,7.0～17.0%of EE2,1.3～48.6%of E3and3.5～23.7%of the total estrogens in the aquatic system. However, the contribution of SPM was much lower compared to the colloids, due to small quantity of SPM per liter of water sample. Therefore, in this study aquatic colloids have been demonstrated to be a very important sink, and further as a carrier of estrogens in the aquatic systems.The concentrations of estrogens in the surface water and sediments of this investigation were compared with those of other domestic and overseas investigations. It was found that the mainstream and branches are in the middle levels of estrogens pollution, whereas the cultured zones were heavily contaminated by estrogens. RQ (Risk Quotients) of selected estrogens were calculated and analyzed, it indicated that the RQ were0.3～2.7of OP,0.3～1.6of BPA,14.1～161.6of E1,0.0～0.1of E2,0.0～6960of EE2,0.7～17.0of E3in the mainstream and branches aquatic system, so it was urgent to improve the water quality of Huangpu river. In the cultured zones, the RQ were0.3～3.9of OP,0.3～1.5of BPA,11.2～1446.1of E1,0.0～0.31of E2,2295.0～94470.0of EE2,1.1～35.8of E3in the mainstream and branches aquatic system, which were seriously overweight. The estrogenic effects were calculated based on their E2equivalent (EEQ). EEQs of samples from the mainstream and branches were all higher than1.0ng/L except OP. Among samples of the cultured zones, EEQ were much higher than1.0ng/L except OP, and the estrogenic activity is in a high level. Consequently, potential environmental risk can be caused by discharge of effluents from the cultured zones, some mesures should be taken to control the pollutant. |
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