Research On Basin Sudden Water Pollution Accident Risk Prevention Systems

It happened sudden major water pollution incidents many times in recent years, not only has caused tremendous losses for Chinese economic, social and ecological environment, but also threaten to our water quality and the vast majority of people's lives and property. Water resources is increasingly scarce today, Sudden water pollution accidents are concerned by all countries in the world. It is urgent needed to prevent the sudden water pollution incidents effectively, and deal with emergencies on the incident quickly and effectively.It has been summed up the new progress on China's environmental risk assessment, Environmental risk warning and Emergency System in China. In face of different sudden water pollution accidents, in different states and situation, scholars have been designed of a series of emergency measures and disposal programmes. To deal with the pollution incidents which are very difficult to guard against but possible caused serious harm to human, United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) Proposed a " Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level", That is "APELL" plan, practices have been proved that "APELL" plan could play a strong role in the prevention of emergency in many countries, "APELL" plan laid the foundation for establishment of the emergency treatment systems all over the world.We attempted to create risk prevention system in a basin of this paper. In the background of Songhua River basin, in the case of the serious explosion in Jilin Petrochemical and sudden major water pollution incidents in Songhua River, construct the risk prevention systems for Songhua River basin. There are the following aspects in this article.(1) According to the cause of the sudden water pollution incidents in domestic and foreign, classified the water pollution incidents. Analyze the characteristics of sudden water pollution accidents in detail, such as uncertainty of space-time, polluted range and suffer objects, arduousness indealing with those, long time harm on environment, expanding along the basin and unclearness of urgent response subjects;(2)Referenced the emergency response mechanisms of "APELL" plan, the response mechanism of sudden water pollution accidents was discussed, Expounded the principle of emergency, Emergency organizations, Emergency classification, assessment the capacity of the emergency, the procedures of the emergency, the treatment to emergency, and so on. Constructed risk prevention system for sudden water pollution accidents.(3)In case of water pollution accidents in Songhua River, detailed the establishment of the process to risk prevention systems for basin sudden water pollution accidents, and established the risk prevention systems for the basin of Songhua River.