Ramsar Convention And The Protection Of Wetland In China

The wetland is considered to be one of the most richest ecosystem in biodiversity and the most important living environments for human. Wetland , forest and sea and are called the Earth three big ecosystem. In order to protect the resources better, on February 2, 1971, 18 countries had signatured Ramsar Convention in Iran's Lamusaer town. Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental joint pledge, and it's a frame in protecting wetland and using resources reasonably, the national motion and the international cooperation. The Convention mainly emphasizes the responsibility of country's in wetland protection, such as the signatory state must assign at least one state-run wetland to the name list of international important wetland, the signatory state should set up the wetland nature protection areas and so on, which has played the vital role in the wetland protection aspect. At present , 157 countries have signatured the convention.China joined Ramsar Convention in 1992,and fulfilled the duty positively. After the relentless endeavor, China have made certain progress in wetland protection, and the country's achievements in wetland protection also obtained international society's attention. But there's also certain problems, such as the reduction of the area and the degeneration of the function have not obtained the radical reverse, the legal system and the management system are still imperfect, basic research insufficiency and technical level backwardness and so on. All those explain that our country must adopt measures to protect wetland resources immediately.This article starts with Ramsar Convention, and first introduces the goal of the convention, the primary content and the organizations and agencies , clearing about the concept and the classification of wetland. Selecting coastal wetland, one type of wetland , taking it as an angle of view, analyzed the present situation of coastal wetlands, then pointed out the problems which still exists in wetland protection and analyzes the reasons. Facing insufficiency, we study other countries'measures to make the law advanced in the wetland protection. Through introducing legislation policy of wetland protection ,such as America's, Britain's, Japan's and so on , obtained what we should study, and unifying the country's condition, proposed sustainable development suggestion from various aspects.Consummates our country's wetland protection, strengthening the wetland legislation is the key specially. At present most countries through the legislation to protect the wetland. After joining Ramsar Convention, our country strengthened the legislation of wetland protection, and the legislation of wetland protection and management grow into specialization. However, it urges specialized laws and regulations for protecting and utilizing the wetland resource which invites the appearance of "Wetland law of People's Republic of China", adapting to the call of era. Therefore this article's second part of fourth chapter put legislation out alone to discuss. In the special legislation, we should take the principles, such as ecology first, planning overall and the environment responsibility and so on, as the basic principles of the law. What is more, we should stipulate some basic systems, such as the wetland environmental effect appraisal system, the wetland resources examination and permission system, the safeguard system for using the wetland ecology water, the wetland investigation and monitor system and so on. In addition, we should fully understand the concept of wetland, make clear the wetland administration department and its responsibility and the land ownership of wetland protective area.