Pollution Transfer In China's Foreign Trade: The Present Condition Analysis And Solution Research

The multinational pollution's transfer is a widespread and existent phenomenon in the current international trade. As a social action, it refers to man's behavior (act or omission) in a certain area makes direct or indirect pollution to the environment outside the area, shifting the responsibility of controlling and solving the problem onto others instead of himself. As a result, the environment of the input countries is polluted, the natural resources are consumed, and the people's health is seriously threatened. In the long run, the economic potential of the input countries will be weakened, while the output countries will escape their environmental pressure and make a considerable profit from the transfer. However, because all countries'environment is connected, the serious pollution will influence the output countries of course. How to guard against multinational pollution transfer has become a common problem the whole world concerns together.As the biggest developing country, China's foreign trade has been developing rapidly. But we must point out that our country also has a very serious problem in environment pollution and ecological damage. Now, under the environment protection trend, our country's economy and trade activities are facing unprecedented chances and challenges. Complying with the whole world's environment protection tide and exploring the advice for realizing our country's foreign trade sustainability has an urgent theoretical and realistic meaning.This study is divided into four parts.The first Part is to introduce the conception of pollution transfer in detail in order to circle the scope of this study .By using lots of actual examples, it displays the following three kinds of familiar manifestations: The resources loots, trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and trans-boundary pollution industry transfer by FDI.The second part is to analyze the theoretical reasons and realistic reasons why multinational pollution's transfer happens easily. From the studying of the Compare Advantage Theory, the Product Period Theory, the Marginal Industry Extends Theory and the Industry Escapes Hypothesis, it concludes the possibility of pollution's transfer. From the studying of the realistic condition of input countries and output countries, it concludes the inevitability. See from the economic source, the degrees of Environmental Cost Internalization in input and output countries are quite different; see from the law source, their environment standards also can't be placed on equal footing; see from the political source, there's a big benefit conflict between the two kinds of countries.The third part is the most important point of this research. To set out from the import trade, export trade and foreign direct investment, the writer successively announces the true reason by analyzing the current condition of multinational pollution transfer in China. As to the import trade, uses a great deal of facts to confirm the standpoint that developed countries are setting up China to the world dumping grounds through transferring hazardous wastes to China which has threatened the survival of Chinese people and the progress and prosperity of the whole society. As to the export trade, lays particular emphasis on the exporting of"High cost, High depletion, High pollution, Resources"products. The production of such exported items causes excessive resource waste and serious industry discard, furthermore, the environmental cost has not been calculated carefully yet. So the writer suggests that export enterprises should not continues to pursue the economic benefits by sacrificing the environment safety. As to foreign direct investment, the writer agrees the point that developed countries are transferring Pollution-Intensive Industries (PIIs) to China by capital transfer. This kind of investment does harm to China's precious resources, increasingly worsen environment and disadvanced industry structure.The fourth part, the writer compares all kinds of ways to solute the question of multinational pollution's transfer to China. On the one hand, is the Environmental Cost Internalization, the concrete measures includes: pollution activity charge, resource tax, environment tax, the import and export duty, export rebate, The environment marking system, ISO14000 Series standard and so on; The second is the government macroscopic intervention, such as: to strengthen the international cooperation and develop international environment diplomacy, improve and enforce the laws and regulations about environment protection, adjust the import-export article structure and FDI structure, harmonize international environment standards, lead into the environment liability insurance mechanism, and promote the public to participate the environment management etc. Through a comparison with developed countries, the writer found various of shortage of China and put forward homologous suggestion.In fine, the foreign trade nowadays brings us: plentiful materials to enjoy, high level technique, scientific management experience and ample funds to develop the economy, it also makes the multinational pollution transfer in great quantities to our country. It makes China's worsen ecosystem environment face a more rigorous test, hinders seriously the sustainable development of China's foreign trade. The writer sincerely hopes to do something for the extermination of multinational pollution's transfer to China through this study.