| Nowadays, the regional eco-safety, urban visualization and investment environment were badly destroyed by highway construction and mining activities. Therefore, vegetation restoration in bare mountain bodies is carried out. A scientific planning has great significance during the process. This paper takes quarry in Mount Fengshan, Yantai city as a case, an ecological design which includes land preparation techniques, plant material selection, spatial planting modes, and management techniques after plantation, was put forward based on community succession series in Sibao mountain, Zibo city, together with assessment on the restoration modes in Mount Taishan and Yantai city. The main results include:1. The biodiversity in initial succession stage of Mount Sibaoshan, Zibo cityThe quarry is rich in herb species, there are totally 25 families, 48 genus, 55 species, and dominant species are drought-resistance and leanness-resistance gramineous species. There are only 4 families, 7 genus and 7 species of arbor and shrub. The community structures from simple to complex are Mining area, Road slope, Abandoned stone area, Bare rock, Hillock, Soil and stone pile, Abandoned land in turn. The life form spectrum is characterized by the plant life form of warm temperate zone.The richness indexes is 2～19, and fasten on 8～13, where Abandoned farmland is the biggest, Bare mining area on top mountain is the smallest. The species diversity indexes are generally small and most of them are 1.7～1.9, with the biggest one is 2.514. The Shannon-Weiner indexes are Stone pile > Road slope > Hillock. The main factors contributing to biodiversity are soil thickness, soil water content and light intensity.2. conjecture on natural succession series in Mount SibaoshanIt is conjectured that the natural succession series is Bareland→grass→scrub→broad-leaved forest→mixed Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis) deciduous broad-leaved forest, Chinese arbor-vitae (Platycladus orientalis)forest according to the dynamics of site forming time, species diversity, edificator height and abundance, as well as important value. It needs much a long time, and soil and water must be improved to climax stage, because it is just vitex scrub stage over 50a natural succession.3. assessment on current restoration modesMost of the restoration modes are successful in Taian Electronic Station. According to the assessment on survival rate, preserving rate and scenic beauty, the general restoration order from small to big is Cement and sand planting terrace, Afforestation terrace, Level bench, Fish scale pit, Swallow nest, Natural scramble, Level lime wall, Plant growing basin, Spray seeding. Among them, the preserving rates of first 3 modes are above 90%, while that of the last 3 modes are below 65%. Management measures play an important role in restoration effects, and survival rates and preserving rates of ever-green tree show better than that of broad-leaved tree. Overall, Level bench mode and Afforestation terrace mode are the best modes, Natural scramble mode is the cheapest, and Spray seeding mode is unsuccessful one.In Yantai road slope restoration modes, the Level planting pool is better than others, evergreen trees is better than broad-leaved trees, small planting pool is better than large pool. It is recommendable to select Level terrace and evergreen trees in restoration practices.4. ecological design for rapid restoration in Mount Fengshan, Yantai cityThe ecological design for the whole restoration process is put forward. The detailed technique design includes: retaining wall, air brick and mild slope treating are designed for krantz lower than 20m, while for those higher than 20m, plant pool and second terrace are used. Air brick, terrace and hole land preparation are used to mild road slope. Small fish scale pit, hole, strip and small bed are used to top mountain area. Total 25 plantation modes are designed too, i.e. 5 types for krantz, 5 for krantz foot, 10 for mild slope, 3 for mining bottom, 1 for road slope respectively, and direct seeding with more than 10 tree species are designed for top mountain area. |
