| The destructed mountains,which not only seriously damage the surface vegetation and landscape but also cause landslide,soil erosion and other disasters,can destroy the ecological environment.In order to repair roads to the peak,the mountain was excavated in Yaoxiang Forest Farm.And amounts of waste residue were piled up at will when building a wind power station in Gaotuan town,Yantai city,causing a large number of damaged mountains.They were seriously affecting the urban landscape and ecological system.Therefore,the local government carried out the seeding spraying restoration.However,there were different effects due to different slopes with the same seeding spraying measure in Yaoxiang highway in Mount Tai.The repairing effects of the damaged mountains in Yantai were also different due to different substrates in the process of seeding spraying.In order to research on the influence of slope on restoration and improve the spray-seeding technique,this study selected the slopes of Yaoxiang highway in Mount Tai and the damaged mountain in Yantai as the research objects.I choosed A(40°～46°)and B(56°～62°)and C(72°～78°)three types according to the different slopes in Yaoxiang and analyzed the effect of increasing of slope on vegetation restoration and soil quality;At the same time,I choosed three different treating measures such as the seeding spraying without soil(D),the seeding spraying with soil(E),the seeding spraying of soil with Chaetomium globosmn ND35(F)in Yaitai and analyzed the effect of different treatments on vegetation restoration and soil quality.At last,I took the comprehensive evaluation of their restoration effects to provide a scientific basis for the spray-seeding restoration of local destructed mountains.The main research results were as follows:1.The relationship between slope and vegetation restoration effectWhen the slope reached to 56°～62°,it seriously affected the growth of vegetation,and repair effect is poorer.The quantity characteristics of vegetation and the feature of plant growth were both decreased with the increase of slope.Compared with slope A(40°～46°),the total coverage of slope B(56°～62°)and C(72°～78°)respectively by 59.39% and 91%(P<0.01).The sprayed plants,Robinia pseudoacacia and Lespedeza bicolor,were dominated in the community.When the slope up to B(56°～62°),the density,coverage,ground diameter of Lespedeza bicolor and the ground diameter of Robinia pseudoacacia were significantly decreased(P<0.05);When the slope up to C(72°～78°),the height,ground diameter ofLespedeza bicolor and the density,height of Robinia pseudoacacia were highly significantly decreased(P<0.01).Therefore,the increase of slope seriously affected the growth of vegetation and the greening effect of slope.2.The relationship between slope and soil qualityWhen the slope reached to 56°～ 62°,it significantly reduces the soil quality,leading to repair effect poor.Soil nutrient content,enzyme activity and microbial number all decreased with the increase of slope(P<0.05).When the slope up to B(56°～62°),the activity of urease and sucrase,the number of fungus and azotobacter was significantly lower than A(40°～46°)slope(P<0.05);But when the slope up to C(72°～78°),the available phosphorus,organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen content,acid phosphatase activity,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes has significantly lower than B(56°～62°)slope(P<0.05).The evaluation result of soil quality index(SQI)showed that the slope A(40°～46°)(0.960)> slope B(56°～62°)(0.651)> slope C(72°～78°)(0.100).It could be concluded that the increase of slope will reduce the soil quality and the slope restoration effect.3.The relationship between spraying substrate and vegetation restoration effectIn the mixed slope of soil and rock,guest-soil spraying should also be carried out.The application of C.globosmn ND35 is conducive to the restoration of vegetation.The quantity characteristics of vegetation and the effect of plant growth increased with the increase of spraying substrates.The sprayed plants,Melilotus officinalis,Cosmos bipinnata,Festuca elata,Festuca rubra,Hibiscus syriacus,Robinia pseudoacacia and Lespedeza bicolor were dominant in the community.In addition,with the addition of C.globosmn ND35,the average coverage of Melilotus officinalis,Festuca rubra,Robinia pseudoacacia,Amorpha fruticosa,Medicago sativa was significantly increased(P<0.05).The average density of Robinia pseudoacacia,Amorpha fruticosa and height of Cosmos bipinnata,Melilotus officinalis,Festuca rubra were increased by gush seeding(P<0.05),and the average density and height of Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa were increased by C.globosmn ND35(P<0.05).4.The relationship between spraying substrate and soil qualityThe addition of C.globosmn ND35 significantly improved the soil quality,thus enhancing the effect of seeding spraying.Soil nutrient content,enzyme activity and microorganism quantity all increased with the increasing of substrates.The content of organic matter and nitrate nitrogen,the activity of sucrase,acid phosphatase and catalase,and the number of bacteria,azotobacter and actinomycetes were significantly increased with the addition of soil(P<0.05).However,the application of C.globosmn ND35 also resulted in significant increasing in the content of organic matter,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen andthe activity of urease,sucrase,acid phosphatase,and the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria(P<0.05).The evaluation results of soil quality index(SQI)showed that: the spraying seeding of soil with C.globosmn ND35(0.976)>the spraying seeding with soil(0.701)>the undisturbed soil(0.561)>the spraying without soil(0.229).Therefore,the soil quality of the spraying seeding with soil is higher than that of the spraying without soil.Moreover,the application of C.globosmn ND35 could improve the soil quality and the restoration effect of the damaged mountain.5.Evaluation of seeding spraying repair effectThrough the entropy TOPSIS evaluation method,it is concluded that the repair effect of different slope ranges is that the effect of slope A(40°～46°)is best,B(56°～62°)was findings and slope C(72°～78°)was the worst;The repair effects of different spraying substrates were as following: spraying of guest soil and C.globosmn ND35 was the optimal,spraying of guest soil was medium and direct spraying of grass was poor.To sum up,It is concluded from the research on the influence of different slopes on restoration effect that slope B(56°～62°)and C(72°～78°)should not apply net-suspended seeding spraying mode because of the vegetation restoration,soil quality and ecological restoration effect are poor.It is recommended that some site preparation measures should be added before implementing net-suspended spray seeding technique to slow slopes or planting climbing plants and herbs.As for the study of restoration effects of different substrates in yantai,it is suggested that the seeding spraying restoration measures in such areas should be to improve the soil habitat by adding the passenger soil first.Adding C.globosmn ND35 can improve the restoration effect,and the target plants should be selected as Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa,Cosmos bipinnata,Festuca rubra,Hibiscus syriacus,Festuca elata,Robinia pseudoacacia,Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza bicolor to reduce the wasting of seeds. |
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